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12 protocols using hlp 20uv

1

Quantitative Analysis of Inorganic Ions

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The chemical composition analysis was carried out by using visible-light spectrophotometry (DR 3900, Hach Lange, Germany). The analysis of the content of Zn2+ ions was carried out by using the Zincon method No. 8009 (Hach Lange). The analysis of the content of Mn2+ ions was carried out by using the 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) method No. 8149 (Hach Lange). The chemical composition analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Thermo Scientific, iCAP model 6000, Great Britain).
Samples for the quantitative analysis were prepared as follows: 5 mg of powder was weighed in a 110 mL Teflon vessel and 15 mL of deionised water (HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Poland) was added; then 6 mL of HNO3 was added and the solution subjected to one microwave heating cycle in a Magnum II reactor (600 W, 2.45 GHz, ERTEC, Poland). After cooling the sample volume was filled up to 50 mL with deionized water [66 (link)]. The pH of samples before the colorimetric analysis was adjusted in accordance with the recommendations of procedures No. 8009 and No. 8149.
Quantitative microanalysis was carried out through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) by using an EDS analyser (Quantax 400, Bruker, USA). Samples for EDS tests were pressed to pellets with a diameter of 5 mm.
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2

Synthesis of Silver-Zinc Nanoparticles

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The following reagents were used: zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O, Zn(Ac)2∙2H2O analytically pure, Chempur, Poland); silver acetate anhydrous (Ag(CH3COO), Ag(Ac), analytically pure, Chempur, Poland); ethylene glycol (EG, ethane-1,2-diol, C2H4(OH)2, pure, Chempur, Poland); Ag-NPs (Hydro Silver 1000 (55±5 nm, PVA coating, water suspensions, 1000 ppm), Amepox, Łódź, Poland);34 deionized water (H2O) (specific conductance below 0.1 µS/cm, HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Poland); artificial saliva for medical and dental research (Pickering Laboratories, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA). The reagents were not purified and were used “as received”.
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3

Water Contact Angle Measurement

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The measurements of the contact angles were performed by placing a drop of deionized water with a conductivity of 0.2 µS/cm (HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland) on the biomaterials’ surfaces. The drop shape was recorded directly using a digital camera and processed with the Krüss ADVANCE computer program (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany). The measurements were repeated three times for each sample. The average values and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated.
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4

Calcium Hydroxide Synthesis and Adsorption

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The reagents were used in the “as received” condition: calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2, pure); orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85 wt % solution, analytically pure); sodium chloride (NaCl, pure). All reagents were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Sląskie, Poland). Deionized water (specific conductance <0.1S/cm, HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland) was used for the synthesis and investigation of kinetics of the water vapour adsorption.
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5

DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay

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The ability of the samples under study to scavenge the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, Sigma Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) was measured by means of method [30 ]. An amount of 10 mL of distilled water (HLP 20UV, HYDROLAB, Straszyn, Poland) and 1.8 mL of a solution of 0.1 mM of DPPH in methanol (Sigma Aldrich Co., USA) was added to 2 g of the study sample. The obtained mixture was left in darkness for 1 h at room temperature. Then, the absorbance of the mixture was measured spectrophotometrically (UV-2600i Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, Japan) at 517 nm, with methanol as blind feed. The calibration curve was delineated within the range from 0.1 to 100 μgmL−1 of Trolox solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) in ethanol. The calculation was expressed as [μmol Trolox ∗ g−1 DW].
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6

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

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The reagents were used in the “as received” condition: zinc acetate dihydrate ((CH3COO)2Zn∙2H2O, (Ac)2Zn∙2H2O, analytically pure); ethylene glycol (EG, C2H4(OH)2, pure). All reagents were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Only deionized water (specific conductance <0.1 μS/cm, HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland) was used for the synthesis and preparation process of ZnO samples.
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7

Synthesis and Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles

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The following were used for synthesis and preparation process of ZnO NPs: zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O, analytically pure, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), ethylene glycol (C2H4(OH)2, pure, Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), and deionized water (H2O) (specific conductance < 0.1 µS/cm, HLP20UV, Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland). These reagents were used in the condition in which they were received.
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8

Inductively Coupled Plasma Analysis of Powders

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The experimentally measured ion content in the powders may not be identical to that in the solutions. The chemical composition analysis of powders was examined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with induction in argon plasma (Thermo Scientific, iCAP 6000 series, United Kingdom).
The samples for analysis with ICP-OES were prepared as follows: 5 mg of powder was weighed in a 110 mL teflon vessel and 15 mL of deionized water (HLP 20UV, Hydrolab, Poland) was added. Then, 6 mL of HNO3 was added and the solution was subjected to one microwave heating cycle in the Magnum II reactor. After cooling, the sample volume was filled to 50 mL with deionized water.
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9

Determination of Total Phenolic Content

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The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined as a result of the reaction of 0.1 mL extracted sample and 0.9 mL distilled water (HLP 20UV, HYDROLAB, Straszyn, Poland) with 0.1 mL Folin–Ciocalteu reagent [81 ]. After 5 min, 1 mL of 7% Na2CO3 and 0.4 mL distilled water were added separately and mixed. Following 50 min of incubation in the dark (20 °C), the absorbance was measured at λ = 765 nm using a UV-2600i spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with respect to a blank test. A calibration curve was plotted for a standard solution of gallic acid (GAE, Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) between 0 and 10 mg/100 mL, and total phenolic content was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) in mg per 100 g of wet sample (mg GAE/100 g).
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10

Analytical Standards for Mass Spectrometry

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Acetonitrile (gradient and LC-MS grade), LC-MS grade water, formic acid and phosphoric acid of analytical grade (Fluka™) were from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany), while adenine, guanosine and uridine standards were from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Tyrosine and phenylalanine were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and xanthine from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary). Ultrapure H2O (<0.06 μS/cm) was obtained from Hydrolab HLP20UV (Hydrolab, Straszyn, Poland) device.
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