Sodium carbonate na2co3

Broccoli florets and stalks with a greenish color and an adequate state of maturity were purchased in a local market in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Commercial maltodextrin (MX) extracted from cornstarch was acquired from INGREDION Mexico (Guadalajara, Mexico). The dextrose equivalent (DE) of MX was 10, corresponding to a molecular weight of 1625 g/mole, and a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2–16 units of glucose [34 (link)]. Analytical grade 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co.

All reagents used were of analytical grade, and all solutions were prepared using deionized water. The following reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen (München, Germany) and were used without further purification: sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (CAS No: 5968-11-6), n-hexane (CAS No: 110-54-3), Folin Ciocalteu reagent (CAS No: 110-54-3), methanol (CAS No: 67-56-1), gallic acid (CAS No. 149-91-7), caffeic acid (CAS No: 501-16-6), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (CAS No:1898-66-4), phosphate-buffered saline (CAS No: 806552), (S)-Trolox methyl ether (CAS No: 135806-59-6). Buffer solutions of pH 1 and 4.6 were purchased from Honeywell Fluka, Buchs (St. Gallen, Switerzerland) and used as received without further purification.

The metallic precursors iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂), iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃), N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), Pd black, sodium ascorbate, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and dextrans were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ammonium hydroxide (28–30 wt %) was purchased from BDH (Poole, Dorset, UK). Poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (PEG 6000) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Heysham, UK). Sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Tribenzyloxybenzoic acid (TBBA) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. N₂ purged deionized (DI) water was used throughout the entire experiment. All chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Low molecular weight chitosan (CH) (Mw = 50 kDa, ≥75% deacetylation degree), methacrylic anhydride (MA, 94%), acetic acid (96%), and Irgacure 2959 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Tannic acid (TA), copper (II) sulphate [CuSO₄], sodium carbonate [Na₂CO₃], and Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent 2 M (with respect to acid, 47,641) (F&C reagent) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). To detect the copper ion concentration, Copper LR reagents composed of bicinchoninic acid disodium salt (HI9547-01, Hanna Instruments, Villafranca Padovana, Italy) were used. All of the materials were used without additional purification, and all solutions were prepared in ultrapure water.

Silk fibroin solutions were prepared following an established protocol [54 (link)]. Whole cocoons (OliverTwistsFibres, Durham, UK) were cut into small pieces and were boiled in a 0.02 M aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 30 min to degum the fibroin fibers. The remaining fibers were rinsed and allowed to dry overnight in ambient conditions. The dry fibroin was then dissolved in a 9.3 M aqueous solution of Lithium Bromide (LiBr) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 60 °C for 4 h. This solution was placed into a set of dialysis cassettes (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and spun in milli-Q water for 48 h. The milli-Q water was changed a total of 6 times over the 48 h. The remaining solution was removed from the cassettes and centrifuged at 4 °C and 4800 rpm for 20 min. This was repeated to ensure purity.

The HA sodium salt from Streptococcus Equi (Mw = 15–30 kDa), fatty acids, and all solvents were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Silicon oxide (SiO₂), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), calcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂), magnesium carbonate hydroxide pentahydrate ((MgCO₃)₄Mg(OH)₂·5H₂O), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received for bioactive glass production.