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Tunel apoptosis detection kit

Manufactured by Vazyme
Sourced in China

The TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit is a laboratory tool used for the detection and quantification of apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, in biological samples. The kit utilizes the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) method to label and visualize DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis.

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21 protocols using tunel apoptosis detection kit

1

Nanoparticle Formulation Development

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PTX was purchased from Jingzhu Bio-technology Co., Ltd (Nanjing, China). Taxol was purchased from Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Jiangsu, China). CIT was obtained from J&K Scientific. Ltd (Beijing, China). Selenium, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), DTT, H2O2, and acetic anhydride were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 4-dimethylaminopyrideine (DMAP) were obtained from Pukang Pharm Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China). Cell culture reagents were purchased from GIBCO, Invitrogen Corp. (Carlsbad, California, USA). 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2K) was purchased from Shanghai Advanced Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), trypsin-EDTA and coumarin-6 were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). Hoechst 33342 was purchased from BD Biosciences, USA. DAPI was purchased from Vector laboratories, Burlingame, CA. DiR was purchased from ATT Bioquest (Beijing, China). TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was purchased from Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd. (China). All other reagents and solvents mentioned in this article were of analytical grade.
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2

Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Therapeutics

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2,2’-thiodiacetic acid (98%), 2,2’-dithiodiglycolic acid (96%), glutaric acid (99%), oleyl alcohol (85%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDCI, 98%), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 99%), anhydrous sodium sulfate (99%), sodium chloride (99%) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) and DL-dithiothreitol (DTT, 99%) were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). DSPE-PEG2000 (99%) was purchased from Aiweitui Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cyclophosphamide (CTX, 97%) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cell culture media DMEM and RPMI 1640 were purchased from GIBCO (New York, NY, USA). MTT (99%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Hoechst 33342 was purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). The TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was purchased from Vazyme (Nanjing, China). Other chemicals and solvents used in this article were of analytical or HPLC grade.
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3

Immunohistochemical and TUNEL Analysis of Apoptosis

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Tissue sections obtained from paraffin-embedded SWFs were deparaffinized and rehydrated. Antigen retrieval was performed using a 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for 20 min. Endogenous peroxidase was then blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide and incubated with 5% goat serum (Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China) for 20 min at room temperature. After washing three times with PBS, the sections were incubated with goat anti-mouse secondary antibody conjugated to TRITC for 1 h at 37 °C in a dark environment. Cell apoptosis was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (Beyotime, Hangzhou, China) for 10 min. The tissue slides were observed under an IX70 fluorescent microscope, and ImageJ 1.54 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used for the analysis.
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4

Niclosamide Sensitizes TNBC Cells to IR-Induced Apoptosis

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TNBC cells growing on coverslips were treated with niclosamide (1.5 μM) for 18 h. The cells were then exposed to 6 Gy γ-ray or 8 Gy X-ray IR. After 48 h incubation, the cells were subjected to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining using a TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme Biotech, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China) for in situ detection of apoptosis according to the manufacturer's instructions. The cells were counter-stained with mounting medium containing DAPI (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and the FITC-labeled TUNEL-positive cells were imaged using an Olympus BX51 fluorescent microscope. The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells was calculated out of a total number of 100 cells per sample that were detected in different and randomly chosen microscopic fields.
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5

Detecting Apoptosis with TUNEL

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For TUNEL apoptosis detection, TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme) was applied to detect apoptotic cells following with the manufacturer’s instructions. The histological features of apoptotic cells were scanned by a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSM710, Zeiss).
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6

TUNEL Staining for Apoptosis Detection

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The TUNEL staining was performed using a TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme Biotech, Nanjing, China) to detect apoptotic cells, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In brief, histological sections were placed on slides, which was followed by xylene dewaxing treatment, and they were then cleaned twice with distilled water. The rehydrated sections were digested with proteinase K for 4 min at 37 °C, covered with TdT Reaction Buffer for 10 min at 37 °C and then incubated in TUNEL reaction mix containing EdUTP and TdT enzymes for 1 h at 37 °C. After incubation, the sections were washed twice with PBS for 5 min, followed by incubation in streptavidin-HRP and DAB solution for 30 min at 37 °C in the dark. The sections were rinsed with 3% BSA in PBS for 5 min, followed by DAPI counterstain. The slides were viewed under a microscope with a green fluorescence of 520 nm. The areas stained red indicated apoptotic cells.
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7

Apoptosis Detection in Human Spermatozoa

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Apoptosis of cells was measured by TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd.). Human spermatozoa were added in 4% PFA for 25 min at room temperature. After three washes, Proteinase K was also placed into the spermatozoa and mixed with 1 × Equilibration Buffer. Then, the spermatozoa were stained with DAPI and analysed by a fluorescence microscope.
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8

Regulation of Glioblastoma by miR-370

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This study was approved by the ethics committee of Jining Medical University. Cells of the U251 human glioblastoma cell line were obtained from the Cell Bank of Chinese Academy (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). They were cultured in minimum essential medium (HyClone, South Logan, UT, USA), supplied with 15% fetal bovine serum (Lanzhou Minhai Biotech, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China), at 37°C in an incubator (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with 5% CO2. The JEV live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 was maintained in a laboratory at Jining Medical University. The cells were infected with JEV at a multiplicity of infection of 1. Twenty-four hours after infection, cells were collected for the miRNA chip assay. There were five repeats in each group, and differentially expressed miRNAs were further confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The miR-370 mimic and inhibitor were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to promote transfection of miR-370 mimic and inhibitor. Following transfection of miR-370 mimic or inhibitor, endogenous miR-370 levels, cell proliferation (Cell Counting Kit-8 [CCK-8]; Beyotime, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China), apoptosis (TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit; Vazyme, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China), and JEV replication were all assessed.
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9

Quantification of Hepatocyte Apoptosis

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Apoptosis of hepatocytes was evaluated by employing the TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, paraffin-embedded liver sections were deparaffinized, rehydrated, and blocked, followed by incubation with the TUNEL labeling solution for 2 h at room temperature. Thereafter, the sections were immediately observed and imaged using a fluorescence microscope. Five independent visual fields were randomly picked at ×20 magnification in each specimen. TUNEL-positive cells were counted by ImageJ software.
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10

Detecting Apoptosis in Fly Brain Tissue

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Detection of apoptotic cells was performed using TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme, A111-02, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fly brain tissue was cyrosectioned, and the slides were air-dried for 20 min; then fixed with 4% PFA for 30 min at room temperature. Then, slides were washed twice with PBS for 5 min. Incubate slides in a 20 µg/ml Proteinase K in PBS for 10 min. Repeat the wash process. For positive control, 20 U/ml DNase I were required to treat them for 10 min at room temperature. After equilibration buffer treatment for 10–30 min, a total volume (50 µl) of detection buffer (34 µl ddH2O + 10 µl 5× Equilibration Buffer + 5 µl FITC-12-dUTP Labeling Mix + 1 µl Recombinant TdT Enzyme) were added to each slide protected from light for 1 h. Finally, 2 μg/ml DAPI were used to visualize the nucleus. Images were obtained with an Axio Examiner (ZEISS).
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