Physiological measurements (chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange) were performed on the fifth youngest expanded leaf of three plants per variety and treatment, after 8 weeks of treatment. Chlorophyll fluorescence was monitored using a fluorescence monitoring system (FMS II; Hansatech Instruments, Norfolk, United Kingdom) according to Aubert et al. [44 (link)]. The quantified parameters were photosystem II efficiency (ϕPSII) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) [71 (link)]. The chlorophyll content index (CCI) was measured using a chlorophyllometer (Opti-Sciences, CCM-200), and the measurement was taken three times on the same leaf. Gas exchange was measured using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA, ADC BioScientific LCI-SD system, Hoddesdon, United Kingdom). The temperature and relative humidity in the cuvette were set at 21 °C or 28 °C according to the growth chamber. The quantified parameters were instantaneous net photosynthesis rate (Ai), instantaneous net transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gs).
Fms 2
Manufactured by Hansatech
Sourced in United Kingdom
The FMS-2 is a lab equipment product designed for general measurement and analysis purposes. It serves as a versatile tool for researchers and scientists in various fields. The core function of the FMS-2 is to provide accurate and reliable data collection and measurement capabilities. However, a detailed description of the product's features and intended use cannot be provided in an unbiased and factual manner within the given constraints.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Li 6400, by LI COR (7 mentions)
Li 6400xt, by LI COR (5 mentions)
Spad 502, by Konica Minolta (4 mentions)
Ccm 200, by Opti-Sciences (2 mentions)
Imaging pam, by Walz (2 mentions)
Cl 01, by Hansatech (2 mentions)
Imaging pam maxi, by Walz (2 mentions)
Lci sd system, by ADC BioScientific (1 mentions)
Ciras 1, by PP Systems (1 mentions)
Li 6400 02b, by LI COR (1 mentions)
Clark type o2 electrode, by Hansatech (1 mentions)
Nightshade lb 985, by Berthold Technologies (1 mentions)
Ti400, by Fluke (1 mentions)
Clark type electrode, by Hansatech (1 mentions)
Dual pam chlorophyll fluorometer, by Walz (1 mentions)
In fusion advantage pcr cloning kit, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Spad 502 chlorophyll meter, by Konica Minolta (1 mentions)
Uv 120 spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Li 6400 portable photosynthesis system, by LI COR (1 mentions)
Li 6800, by LI COR (1 mentions)
104 protocols using fms 2
1
Physiological Measurements of Plant Responses
2
Moss Photosynthetic Efficiency Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A photosynthetic efficiency analyzer (FMS II, Hansatech, Norfolk, UK) was used to measure photosynthetic efficiency through the determination of the variable and maximum fluorescence of PSII. The moss was dark adapted for 15 min covering the system with aluminum foil. The optic fiber was placed on the tip of the mosses using an adapter (provided by the manufacturer), ensuring that every measuring was made at the same distance. Results are expressed as Fv/Fm (maximum efficiency of PSII).
3
Photosynthetic Efficiency Analysis Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The chlorophyll fluorescence was measured on the upper side of the 5th mature leaf starting from the apex, on 5 plants per accession and condition using a fluorimeter (FMS II, Hansatech Instruments; Norfolf, UK). After an adaptation of at least 30 min in the dark, leaf portions were illuminated with a first pulse at 18,000 µmol m−2 s−1 followed by a constant intensity of actinic light of 660 µmol m−2 s−1 for 2 min; a new saturating flash of 18,000 µmol m−2 s−1 was subsequently applied. The efficiency of photosystem 2 (φPS2) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were calculated according to Maxwell and Johnson [56 (link)].
Intercellular CO2 (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and net photosynthesis rate (A) were measured by IRGA (InfraRed Gas Analyzer, LCI-SD 4-100, ADC BioScientific Limited; Hertfordshire, UK). The measurements were made on the 5th mature leaf starting from the apex, on 5 plants per accession and condition every 3 weeks. The instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as A/E.
The concentration of chlorophyll was measured using a chlorophyllometer (Opti-Sciences, CCM-200, Tyngsboro, MA, USA) on the 5th, 6th, and 7th mature leaves, starting from the apex, on 5 plants by accession and condition.
Physiological parameters were measured once a month and the presented results were obtained 2 months after stress imposition.
Intercellular CO2 (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and net photosynthesis rate (A) were measured by IRGA (InfraRed Gas Analyzer, LCI-SD 4-100, ADC BioScientific Limited; Hertfordshire, UK). The measurements were made on the 5th mature leaf starting from the apex, on 5 plants per accession and condition every 3 weeks. The instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as A/E.
The concentration of chlorophyll was measured using a chlorophyllometer (Opti-Sciences, CCM-200, Tyngsboro, MA, USA) on the 5th, 6th, and 7th mature leaves, starting from the apex, on 5 plants by accession and condition.
Physiological parameters were measured once a month and the presented results were obtained 2 months after stress imposition.
4
Stomatal Conductance and Electron Transport Rate in Flooded Plants
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The stomatal conductance (gs) was determined with a Decagon SC1 porometer and the electron transport rate (ETR) with a modulated chlorophyll fluorescence meter (Hansatech FMSII, UK). The measurements were carried out between 10.30 and 13.30 h, on cloudless days, on the latest expanded leaf. The average irradiance during the measurements was 967 µmoles m -2 s -1 . Two measurements were carried out in the T10 treatment: one during late flooding (53 days after the start of flooding for gs, 54 days for ETR) and another during the post -flooding period (24 days after the end of the flooding treatment for ETR, 26 days for gs). For the T65 experiment, measurements were performed one day and 22 days after the end of flooding for ETR, and 9 days and 20 days after the end of flooding for gs.
5
Photosynthetic Activity Measurement
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Photosynthesis was determined in plants after receiving the second 1-MCP treatment and before transferring them to the long photoperiod chamber. Electron transport rate (ETR) was used to measure photosynthetic activity with a Portable chlorophyll fluorescence meter (FMSII, Hansatech, UK) and calculated according to [21] . Determinations were performed under the growth conditions mentioned above.
6
Measuring Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The photosynthetic rate (Pn) was measured with a portable photosynthesis system (Ciras-3, PP-Systems International, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom). During the measurements, constant photon flux density (PFD, 600 μmol m−2 s−1), CO2 concentration (400 mg L−1), and leaf temperature (25 ± 1°C) were maintained.
The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in darkness (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were measured using a modulated chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer (FMS-2, Hansatech Instruments, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, United Kingdom) according to the instructions. The chlorophyll fluorescence imaging was also visualized with a variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system (Imaging PAM, Walz, Wurzburg, Germany), which consist of a CCD camera, LED lights, and controlling unit connected to a PC running a dedicated software (Imaging Win 2.3, Walz, Wurzburg, Germany), by the method of Tian et al. (2017) (link).
The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in darkness (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) were measured using a modulated chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer (FMS-2, Hansatech Instruments, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, United Kingdom) according to the instructions. The chlorophyll fluorescence imaging was also visualized with a variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system (Imaging PAM, Walz, Wurzburg, Germany), which consist of a CCD camera, LED lights, and controlling unit connected to a PC running a dedicated software (Imaging Win 2.3, Walz, Wurzburg, Germany), by the method of Tian et al. (2017) (link).
7
Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Measurements
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Chlorophyll a fluorescence signals were measured with a PAM fluorometer (FMS2, Hansatech Instruments Ltd., UK) on two capitula. The capitula were saturated with deionized water and dark-adapted for 23 mins prior to the measurements. Samples were exposed to a weak modulated beam to assess the initial minimal fluorescence efficiency in the dark-adapted state (F0). A saturation pulse of approximately 5500 μmol m−2 s−1 for 0.7 s was then given to assess the maximal photochemical efficiency when photosystem II (PSII) centers are closed (Fm). Opening the actinic illumination (approx. 110 μmol m−2 s−1) and saturating illuminations, the minimal/maximal Chl fluorescence efficiency (F0′/Fm′) as well as the steady-state Chl fluorescence efficiency in the light–adapted state (Fs) were measured, respectively. Using these parameters, the following ratios were calculated: maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII in the dark-adapted state: Fv/Fm = (Fm−F0)/Fm (Fv, variable fluorescence yield); actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light-adapted state: ΦPSII = (Fm′−Fs)/Fm′; photochemical quenching: qP = (Fm′−Fs)/(Fm′−F0); non-photochemical quenching: NPQ = (Fm−Fm′)/Fm′.
8
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Assessment Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured with a portable fluoremeter (FMS-2, Hansatech Instruments Ltd, Norfolk, UK). Measurements were performed for both light exposed and dark acclimated leaves. Leaves were adapted to dark for at least 20 min using light exclusion clips. Several chlorophyll fluorescence yields were measured: Fo (minimal fluorescence, which occurs when all PSII reaction centers are open), Fm (maximum chlorophyll fluorescence, in the dark-adapted state, which occurs when all PSII reaction centers are closed), F’m and Fs were maximum and steady state chlorophyll fluorescence in the light adapted state, respectively. These chlorophyll fluorescence yields allow calculating two essentials chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II calculated as Fv/Fm = (Fm-Fo)/Fm and effective quantum yield (Y) calculated as Y = (F’m-Fs)/F’m.
9
Photosynthesis and Fluorescence Measurements
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Net photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured in the second apical leaves using portable photosynthetic system (Ciras‐2, PP Systems International). Constant PFD (600 μmol/m2/s), CO2 concentration (350–360 mg/L), and leaf temperature (25 ± 1°C) were maintained throughout all measurements. Each measurement was repeated at least three times. Fluorescence was measured at 25°C with five replicates using a portable fluorometer (FMS‐2; Hansatech). Plants were adapted for 20 min in dark before measurement of maximal fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), initial fluorescence (Fo), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qN), and electron transport rate (ETR) in darkness. Maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in darkness: Fv/Fm = (Fm − Fo)/Fm.
10
Measuring Photosynthetic Quantum Yield
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!