Water purification system

Deionized water was obtained by using a water purification system from Thermo Scientific Co. (Waltham, MA, USA). Standard baicalin and chrysin, at a pharmaceutical grade, were purchased from TRC (North York, ON, Canada), and baicalein, at an analytical reference grade, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DMSO was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mueller-Hinton broth powder was purchased from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). Acetonitrile was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), whereas phosphoric acid was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

MEB USP working standard [Cadila Pharmaceuticals (Ethiopia)], ALB reference standard [Greenfield Pharmaceuticals (China)] and TNZ reference standard [Greenfield Pharmaceuticals (China)] were kindly donated from Food, Medicine and Health-care Administration and Control Authority (FMHACA) of Ethiopia and used as received. Purified ultra pure water was obtained by water purification system (Thermofischer Scientific, USA, 18.2 MΩ.cm at 25°C). All other chemicals used in this study were analytical grade and used as received.

Deionized water was obtained by using a water purification system from Thermo Scientific Co. (Waltham, MA, USA). Standard baicalin and chrysin, at a pharmaceutical grade, were purchased from TRC (North York, ON, Canada). Acetonitrile, ascorbic acid, baicalein, DPPH and quercetin at an analytical reference grade, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Aluminum chloride, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and phosphoric acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Gallic acid at an analytical reference grade, was purchased from TOKYO chemical industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium carbonate was purchased from Ajax Finechem Pty. Ltd. (Sydney, Australia).

Chloroform (>99%), ethanol (ACS
reagent),
NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, NaCl,
NaOH, pyrene, NH₄Cl, and lactic acid were obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich in analytical grade purity and used without further
purification. Demineralized and filtered water (ultrapure, 18.2 MΩ
cm at 18 °C) was taken from a Thermo-Fisher water purification
system. T1 was synthesized as reported previously.^{7 (link)} The boronic acid N-methyl-1-(pyren-1-yl)-N-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)methanamine
(abbreviated V1) was synthesized as detailed in the Supporting Information.

Ethanol (95%, AR grade), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from RCI Labscan, Bangkok, Thailand. Methanol (AR grade) was purchased from Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA. Deionized water was obtained using a water purification system from Thermo Scientific Co. (Waltham, MA, USA). Gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were purchased from the TOKYO chemical industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Sodium carbonate, embelin, and doxorubicin hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Folin–Ciocalteu, orthophosphoric acid, and dimethylsulfoxide were obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. McCoy’s 5A medium, Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium, and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline were purchased from Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA. Penicillin, streptomycin, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, fetal bovine serum, and 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) were purchased from Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA.