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Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an anionic surfactant commonly used in laboratory settings. Its primary function is to denature proteins by disrupting non-covalent interactions within the protein structure, leading to the unfolding and solubilization of proteins. SDS is widely used in various biochemical and molecular biology techniques, such as SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) for protein separation and analysis.

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12 protocols using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)

1

Extraction and Characterization of Ricini Pupae Proteins

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Samia ricini pupae were provided by the Kasetsart University Smart Silk Centre, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Chemicals and reagents were purchased from the following organizations: Sodium chloride (NaCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)—from Bio Basic Inc. (Markham, ON, Canada), TritonX-100—from Scharlau Chemie S.A. Co. (Barcelona, Spain), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)—from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (Munich, Germany), Pepsin from ELITechGroup Inc. (Washington, WA, USA), 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate—from Univar Solutions Inc. (Denver, CO, USA), acetonitrile—from VWR International LLC. (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)—from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Leics., UK). All other reagents used were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA), or were available commercially.
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2

Enzymatic Assays for Biological Activities

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2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS), casein, hemoglobin, hippuryl‐his‐leu acetate salt (HHL), lung acetone powder from rabbit, mushroom tyrosinase, potassium persulfate, and sodium L‐tartrate were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. 3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA) was purchased from Acros Organics. Hydrochloric acid (1 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and acetic acid were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glycine were purchased from Bio Basic, Inc. Soybean oil was purchased from Ottogi Co., Ltd. All other reagents were of analytical grade.
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3

Strains and Reagents for C. albicans

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Strains, plasmids and oligonucleotides used in this study are listed in Tables S1–S4. All C. albicans strains were maintained on YEPD medium (1% yeast extract, 2% bacto peptone, 2% glucose and 2% agar for solidification). Prototropic transformants were selected on a synthetic medium (2% dextrose, 1.7% Difco yeast nitrogen base with ammonium sulfate and auxotrophic supplements). For nourseothricin‐resistant mutants, 200 μg ml−1 of nourseothricin (Werner Bioagents, Jena, Germany) was added to the YEPD. To obtain nourseothricin‐sensitive transformants, strains were grown in YPM (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone and 2% maltose) for 8 hr and plated on YPM plates containing 25 μg ml−1 nourseothricin for 48 hr. Except for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS; Biobasic, Inc.) and DTT (SRL), all the supplements and chemicals; β‐mercaptoethanol, tunicamycin, fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, calcofluor white and congo red were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Caspofungin was obtained from Merck & Co. Inc., NJ.
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4

Comprehensive Genomic DNA Extraction

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium (disodium EDTA), tris–HCl and proteinase-K were purchased from Bio Basic Inc. Canada. SYBR green PCR master mix was purchased from Applied Biosystems, UK. Ammonium chloride and absolute ethanol were purchased from Avonchem, UK; ammonium acetate was purchased from Winlab UK; sodium bicarbonate from Fluka, Switzerland; sodium chloride from BDH, UK and RNAse A was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, USA. All other chemicals were of highest purity grade.
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5

Production of Microbial Alkaline Protease

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The dried baker’s yeast S. cerevisiae (PTCC 5269) used as the original substrate was obtained from Razi Yeast and Alcohol Co., Iran. Alkaline protease (EvaTase 180G, India) was purchased. PALMERA® B1210 coconut fatty acids were purchased from KLK OLEO (Malaysia). 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), and Trypan Blue were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tris, glycine, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and bacto agar were obtained from Bio Basic Inc. (Markham, ON, Canada). DNA gel stain was purchased from Pishgam Biotech (Tehran, Iran). Ethanol, bovine serum albumin (BSA), potassium bromide (KBr) and all other chemicals were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 were provided by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran (Table 2). The strain was transferred to Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and sub-cultured in the same medium. Cells were incubated overnight at 37 °C under aerobic conditions, then transferred to fresh medium and harvested for 36 h.
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6

Gelatin Extraction and Characterization

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Tilapia skin gelatin and porcine skin gelatin were purchased from the Jellice Pioneer Provate Limited Taiwan Branch (Pingtung, Taiwan). Each 100 g gelatin sample was sealed in a 1 kg polyethylene (PE) bag. All chemicals, namely acrylamide/bis-acryamide 30% solution, ammonia persulfate (APS), 0.5 M Tris-buffer (pH 6.8), 1.5 M tris-buffer (pH 8.8), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and N, N, N0, N0-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), for the electrophoresis were purchased from Bio Basic Inc. (Toronto, ON, Canada).
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7

Protein Quantification Using Folin-Ciocalteu Assay

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Bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycerol, β‐mercaptoethanol, sodium hydroxide, and sodium L‐tartrate were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich Co., LLC. (St. Louis, MO). Coomassie Brilliant Blue R‐250 was purchased from Bio‐Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA). Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, 1 N‐hydrochloric acid and 1 N‐sodium hydroxide were purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd. (Kyoto, Japan). Folin‐Ciocalteu's reagent were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glycine were purchased from Bio Basic Inc., (Ontario, Canada). Soy bean oil was purchased from Ottogi Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Trichloroacetic acid was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Other reagents used in the experiments were analytical grade.
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8

Enzymatic Assay for Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibition

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glycine were purchased from Bio Basic Inc., (Ontario, Canada). 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammouium salt (ABTS), hippurly‐his‐leu acetate salt (HHL), lung acetone powder from rabbit, mushroom tyrosinase, bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein, hemoglobin, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium L‐tartrate, and potassium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich Co., LLC. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA) was purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate was purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Kyoto, Japan). Folin‐Ciocalteu's reagent was purchased Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Soybean oil was purchased from Ottogi Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). All reagents used analytical grade.
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9

Analytical Grade Chemicals Protocol

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Unless specified, all chemicals used for analytical purposes were analytical grade. Alcalase® (protease from Bacillus licheniformis), β-mercaptoethanol, D-L-Leucine, sodium tetraborate and o-phtaldialdehyde (OPA reagent) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, MO, USA). Hexane, hydrochloric acid, methanol and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, ON, Canada). Citric Acid monohydrate, hydrochloric acid (36.5–38% v/v), NaCl, sodium hydroxide pellets and sodium phosphate dibasic were purchased from VWR International (Mississauga, ON, Canada). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was purchased from Bio Basic (Markham, ON, Canada). Food grade canola oil was purchased from a local grocery store in Quebec City.
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10

Isolation and Purification of Silkworm Proteins

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B. mori pupae were obtained from Kasetsart University Smart Silk Centre, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Chemicals and reagents were purchased from the following organizations: Acetonitrile - from VWR International, LLC. (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France), Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) - from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (Munich, Germany), Pepsin - from ELITechGroup, Inc (D.C, USA), 1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate - from Univar Solutions Inc. (Australia and New Zealand), Sodium chloride (NaCl), Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - from Bio Basic Inc. (Markham, ON, Canada), Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) - from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Leics., UK), TritonX-100 - from Scharlau Chemie S.A. Co. (Barcelona, Spain). All other reagents used were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA), or were available commercially.
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