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5 protocols using earle s salts

1

HEK-293 Cell Culture Protocol

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HEK-293 cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection™ (CRL-1573™ Manassas, VA). HEK-293 cells were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM) with Earle’s salts and L-glutamine (Corning, Tewksbury, MA) with 10% FBS and maintained in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C. Routine subculture was performed as required depending on the degree of confluence.
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2

Neospora caninum Tachyzoites Isolation

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Neospora caninum tachyzoites (NcT) from strain Nc-1 (ATCC™ 50,843) were isolated from infected VERO cell cultures as previously mentioned, with slight modifications28 (link),31 (link),32 . Briefly, VERO cells infected with NcT were cultured at 37 °C and 5% CO2, in minimum essential medium with Earle’s salts (Corning, NY, Missouri, USA) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 200 units/mL penicillin and 200 μg/mL streptomycin (all from Sigma-Aldrich) and 10% FBS (Biowest), till 70% destruction of host cell monolayer. All the contents of the flask (the adherent cells collected using a cell scraper and the culture supernatants) were centrifuged at 1500×g for 20 min. The pellet was then passed through a 25G needle and washed three times in complete RPMI medium (all centrifugations were done at 1500×g for 20 min). The final pellet was resuspended in 3 mL of complete RPMI medium and passed through a PD-10 column filled with Sephadex G-25 M (GE Healthcare Life- Sciences, Freiburg, Germany). Freeze-killed NcT were prepared from suspensions of live tachyzoites (prepared as described above) resuspended in complete RPMI and kept at least one week frozen at − 80 °C, since others have previously shown that a 2 h freezing incubation at − 70 °C was enough to inactivate NcT33 (link).
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3

CCHFV Propagation and Culture

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Huh7 and SW13 cells were propagated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with Earle’s salts (Corning), both medias were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco), 1% sodium pyruvate (Sigma-Aldrich), 1% l-glutamine (HyClone), and 1% Hepes (Gibco). Minimally passaged CCHFV strain Afg09-2990 (39 (link)) or strain IbAr 10200 (USAMRIID collection) were used for all experiments, as indicated. Strain Afg09-2990 was previously passaged three times in Vero cells and then propagated at USAMRIID two times in Huh7 cells. Strain IbAr 10200 was passaged, as previously described (25 (link)). The viruses were collected from clarified cell culture supernatants and stored at −80°C. All CCHFV work was handled in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) containment at USAMRIID.
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SARS-CoV-2 Virus Propagation and Quantification

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A third passage of SARS-CoV-2 strain WA-1/2020 viral stock was obtained from the CDC and is from a human nonfatal case isolated in January 2020. A master challenge stock of virus was propagated by making 2 passages in Vero76 cells in MEM with Earle’s Salts (Corning) supplemented with 1% GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1% NEAA (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific). After 3 days, supernatant was collected and clarified by low-speed centrifugation. Virus (P5 from the founder stock of virus) was quantified by plaque assay and determined to be endotoxin free. All virus work was handled in BSL-3 containment at USAMRIID.
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5

HEK293 Transfection of GABA Receptor

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Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were cultured in minimum essential medium with Earle’s salts (Corning) containing 10% bovine calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich) in a 37°C incubator under a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) using the prescribed protocol, with 1–4 µg total of human α1β2γ2 (1:1:1 ratio) GABAA receptor subunit cDNAs in vector pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen). Recordings were performed 24–80 h after transfection.
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