The independent variables considered come from the raw data of wearable sensors. Previous works used accelerometer, gyroscope and heart rate sensors for monitoring physical activity, health conditions, cognitive, social and other factors [49 (link),54 (link),55 (link),56 (link),57 ]. We have used similar sensors built-in a low-cost smartwatch, the Samsung Gear S3 [58 ]. Samsung Gear S3 supports development of software applications on its open access Tizen operating system. This characteristic allows to collect the sensory raw data and to develop software applications in a flexible manner. The built-in sensors we used are: (1) the triaxial accelerometer, which measures changes in the device velocity; (2) the triaxial gyroscope, which detects angular velocity and orientation of the device; (3) and the heart rate sensor, which measures the heart beats per minute. In particular, we collected the raw data from these wearable sensors obtaining 7 variables, detailed in Table 2 . The value of these variables was provided in integer number (without a decimal point), or in float (floating-point number, which is a number that has a decimal place).
Gear s3
Manufactured by Samsung
The Samsung Gear S3 is a smartwatch that serves as a multi-purpose wearable device. It features a circular watch face, various connectivity options, and various sensors for health and fitness tracking.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
3 protocols using gear s3
1
Wearable Sensor Data for Activity and Health Monitoring
2
Wearable Continuous Cardiac Monitoring Protocol
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All testing data were collected from “Pulsewatch” smartwatches worn by the participants in the intervention group in Part II of our clinical trial study (NIH study ID: NCT03761394), which was a 14-day at-home, free-living protocol [23 (link)]. The participants wore a continuous AF monitoring ECG patch, approved by the FDA, which did not restrain their daily activities [23 (link)] and allowed us to collect a reference ECG signal. The “Pulsewatch” system was developed in Part I of our clinical trial study, and consisted of a smartwatch (Samsung Gear S3 or Galaxy Watch 3) and a smartphone (Samsung Galaxy S6, S10e, A50, or XCover Pro) pre-installed with our own applications for data collection and analysis. Only the smartwatch application software performed all signal processing tasks in near real-time including motion artifact and AF detection and our proposed PPG peak detection and PAC/PVC detection [18 (link)]; the smartphone application functioned as a data transfer hub to upload PPG data to our secure cloud server. Written informed consent forms were collected from all patient participants, and formal ethical approval for this study was obtained from the UMMS Institutional Review Board (IRB ID: H00016067) [23 (link)].
3
Comprehensive Physical Rehabilitation Protocol
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During the trial, professional kinesiologists will conduct a comprehensive demonstration of the training programme, offering feedback and making corrections based on the participant’s performance. The target physical activity level for participants is to walk 10 000 steps per day, meeting or exceeding this level (but not exceeding 15 000 steps) 7 days a week for 3–4 weeks. Participants will be advised to gradually increase their daily step count in proportion to their physical condition. The exercises will include brisk walking or jogging, using the indoor treadmill equipped by the Neurosurgery Department of Xiangya Hospital or outdoors. Every exercise session will start with a 5 min warm-up and conclude with a 5 min cool-down. The researcher will provide the subjects with free wearable pedometer devices made by Samsung (Samsung Gear S3) to measure the subjects’ daily step count, which has been found to provide more precise measurements.26 (link) Every participant will be provided with regular perioperative care and postoperative follow-up at the Xiangya Neurosurgery Outpatient Centre, overseen by physicians who are not part of this research. We will terminate the intervention early when the subject’s physical condition deteriorates to such an extent that walking exercise cannot be supported or when the subject requests to stop exercising.
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