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7 protocols using potassium hydroxide koh

1

Micronucleus Assay Protocol

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DEN [55–18-5] (99.9% purity, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), DMH [306–37-6] (100% purity, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and KBrO3 [7758-01-2] (≥99.8% purity, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp., Osaka, Japan) were dissolved in water for injection (DW; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan) immediately before treatment. Ten% neutral-buffered formalin (Mildform® 10 N, which contains 1 w/w% methanol, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp.), which is routinely used in histopathological studies, was used to fix the cells and tissues used in the present study. Acridine orange (AO; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp.) and/or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI; Sigma Aldrich Co. LLC, St. Louis, USA) were used to stain the cells for MN analysis. Potassium hydroxide (KOH; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corp.) was used to loosen the cell connections and prepare single-cell suspensions. Tris base and Tris hydrochloride (Sigma Aldrich Co. LLC) were used for preparing a Tris-HCl buffer.
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2

Antioxidant Evaluation of Almonds

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The almonds used in this study were purchased from Beans Group Foods Science and Technology Co. (Taoyuan, Taiwan), and their origin was California, USA. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), synthetic glacial acetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and antioxidant butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol (95%), diethyl ether, phenolphthalein indicator, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) were purchased from WAKO Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).
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3

Fatty Acid and Surfactant Characterization

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Lauric acid (C12) and oleic acid (C18:1) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co, Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), linoleic acid (C18:2), SLS, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) (+) were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). SLES was purchased from the NOF Corporation (Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Stereoselective Reactions

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Tungsten(VI) chloride (WCl6) and (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (TMSD; 2 M in diethyl ether) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetraphenyltin (Ph4Sn) and L-(−)- and D-(+)-mandelic acids were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI; Tokyo, Japan). Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 2-methoxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Optically active amines (2a to 2i, 2k to 2r, 2t1 to 2t10, 2u, and 2aMe) (Fig. 3 and fig. S3) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical, TCI, Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), and Watanabe Chemical Industries (Hiroshima, Japan) and used as received except for 2a (see the Supplementary Materials). (1S,2R)- and (1R,2S)-norephedrine (1S2R- and 1R2S-2s) were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical. (S)- and (R)-amphetamine (S- and R-2j) (34 ) and (1S,2S)- and (1R,2R)-norpseudoephedrine (1S2S- and 1R2R-2s) (35 ) were synthesized from the corresponding norephedrine according to the literature method. Anhydrous THF, toluene, DMSO, and DMF were purchased from Kanto Kagaku (Tokyo, Japan), and these solvents were stored under nitrogen. Dehydrated acetone and MIK were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical. DMT-MM was prepared according to the reported method (36 ). Poly-1-H was prepared according to the previously reported method (see the Supplementary Materials) (28 (link), 29 ).
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5

Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Sterilization and Growth

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The seeds of
wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) were sterilized in ethanol/water (70%
v/v) for 1 min and then twice in bleach/water (5% v/v) for 4 min and
then rinsed six times with sterilized water. After that, the seeds
were stored at 4 °C for at least 2 days. The seeds were grown
on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium containing MS
salts (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) (2.2 g/L), 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic
acid (MES) (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc., Kumamoto, Japan)
(0.5 g/L, adjusted to pH 5.7 with potassium hydroxide (KOH) (FUJIFILM
Wako Pure Chemical)), sucrose (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical) (10 g/L),
and agarose (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical) (0.8% w/v) under daylength
conditions of 16 h of light/8 h of darkness at 22 °C. Seedlings
were harvested 6 days after germination and used for all experiments.
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6

Polymer Synthesis via PCL, DBPO, and MA

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PCL (Mw = 10,000 g/mol), DBPO, MA (Mw = 98.06 g/mol), tetrahydrofuran (THF), hexane, potassium hydroxide (KOH), ethanol (C2H5OH) and phenolphthalein ethanol solution (1.0% w/v) were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). A filter paper (No.4, Monotaro, Kiriyama, Japan) was utilized for the experiment.
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7

Formulation and Characterization of CDTS

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CDTS (purity >95 wt%) was provided by Dow Corning Toray (Tokyo, Japan) . GMS-5 was purchased from Nihon Emulsion (Tokyo, Japan) . Behenyl alcohol (65-70 wt% of behenyl alcohol and <30 wt% of stearyl alcohol) and cetyl alcohol (purity >95 wt%) were purchased from Kokyu Alcohol Kogyo (Chiba, Japan) . Triethanol amine (TEA, as shown in Fig. 1 (b) ) was obtained from The Dow Chemical Company (Michigan, America) . Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan) . All these materials were used without further purification. The water used in this study was purified through an ion-exchanged water purification system.
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