Oncotic pressure was measured using an osmometer with a 10-kDa cutoff membrane (Osmomat 050; Gonotec, Berlin, Germany) by an investigator blinded to the treatment status. To investigate the distribution of the resuscitation fluid, water content in the skin and subcutaneous tissue (from the abdominal wall), muscle (from the abdominal rectus muscle), lung, heart, liver, intestine and kidneys was measured. Tissue water content was also measured in two control groups of animals exposed to the CLP (n = 4) or the hemorrhage (n = 4) protocols and sacrificed before resuscitation. Tissues were extracted, weighted and dried for at least 72 h at 100 °C and then weighted again. Water content was calculated as (wet tissue weight – dry tissue weight)/wet tissue weight × 100.
Osmomat 050
Manufactured by Gonotec
Sourced in Germany
The Osmomat 050 is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the osmolality of liquid samples. It utilizes the freezing point depression method to determine the osmotic concentration of the sample. The Osmomat 050 is capable of accurately measuring the osmolality of a wide range of sample types, including biological fluids, aqueous solutions, and other liquids.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using osmomat 050
1
Tissue Water Content after Resuscitation
2
Evaluating Plasma Markers and Fluid Dynamics
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Whole blood was analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (Hct) with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.9%, as given by duplicate samples at baseline, on a Cell‐Dyn Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics).
Plasma was analyzed for albumin, creatinine, sodium, and potassium on a Cobas 8000 (Roche) with CV of 2.3%, 1.9%, 0.7%, and 1.0%.
The colloid osmotic pressures (COP) of the infused fluids and the sampled plasma were measured on an Osmomat 050 (Gonotec) with a CV of 2%.
The plasma concentration of mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP) at baseline and 30 min after the infusion ended was measured by radioimmunoassay (Brahms MR‐proANP Kryptor) with a CV of <3.5%. The manufacturer reports that the median value in healthy humans is 46 pmol l−1. Urine was analyzed for creatinine with a CV of 1.8% on the Cobas 8000.
Plasma was analyzed for albumin, creatinine, sodium, and potassium on a Cobas 8000 (Roche) with CV of 2.3%, 1.9%, 0.7%, and 1.0%.
The colloid osmotic pressures (COP) of the infused fluids and the sampled plasma were measured on an Osmomat 050 (Gonotec) with a CV of 2%.
The plasma concentration of mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP) at baseline and 30 min after the infusion ended was measured by radioimmunoassay (Brahms MR‐proANP Kryptor) with a CV of <3.5%. The manufacturer reports that the median value in healthy humans is 46 pmol l−1. Urine was analyzed for creatinine with a CV of 1.8% on the Cobas 8000.
3
Comprehensive Blood and Urine Analysis
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Analyses of blood samples were conducted in the hospital’s central laboratory. The blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was sampled in EDTA tubes and measured on a Cell-Dyn Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL). The coefficient of variation (CV) for this analysis was 1.2%, as ensured by the duplicate samples taken at baseline.
The blood was also sampled in lithium-heparin plasma gel tubes for the measurement of the concentrations of creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the urine osmolality was measured on a Cobas® 8000 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Schweiz) with CVs of 2%, 3.2% (duplicates), 1.9–4.2%, 2.5% and 3.0%, respectively.
The colloid osmotic pressure (COP) at all 15 sampling points was measured in duplicate in our research laboratory on an Osmomat 050 (Gonotec, Berlin) with a CV of 1.9% within 1–3 days after the experiment’s completion.
The blood was also sampled in lithium-heparin plasma gel tubes for the measurement of the concentrations of creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the urine osmolality was measured on a Cobas® 8000 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Schweiz) with CVs of 2%, 3.2% (duplicates), 1.9–4.2%, 2.5% and 3.0%, respectively.
The colloid osmotic pressure (COP) at all 15 sampling points was measured in duplicate in our research laboratory on an Osmomat 050 (Gonotec, Berlin) with a CV of 1.9% within 1–3 days after the experiment’s completion.
4
Biophysical Characterization of POx-PSA
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Circulation dichroism (CD) spectrum of POx-PSA ([PSA] = 4 μM, in PBS) was measured using a CD spectrophotometer (J-1100; Jasco Corp.) at 25 °C.
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of POx-PSA ([PSA] = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/dL, in PBS) were measured using an automatic colloid-osmometer (OSMOMAT 050; Gonotec GmbH) with a membrane (MWCO, 20 kDa) at 25 °C.
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of POx-PSA ([PSA] = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/dL, in PBS) were measured using an automatic colloid-osmometer (OSMOMAT 050; Gonotec GmbH) with a membrane (MWCO, 20 kDa) at 25 °C.
5
Measuring Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Rainbow Trout Blood Plasma
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In experiment (v), a colloid osmometer (Osmomat 050, Gonotec, Berlin, Germany) with a 20 kDa cut-off membrane was used to measure COP. COP of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) blood plasma was estimated from measurements of blood plasma from five individual fish blood batches (n = 5) with two replicates of each analytical measurement (a = 2).
6
Rheological Properties of Plasma Expanders
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Blood samples were collected from Wistar rats. The cone-plate viscometer (BT-300, Bright, China) was used to determine the intrinsic viscosity of the plasma expanders at a shear rate of 200 s− 1. Whole blood was centrifuged at 3000 r/min and 4 °C for 10 min, and then the plasma was separated and kept in a centrifuge tube. Red cell concentrates (0.48 ml) were mixed with plasma (0.42 ml) to get red cell suspensions. Plasma or plasma expanders (0.3 ml) were added to the red cell suspensions to get the corresponding mixtures. The mixtures were incubated in a water bath (YHJD-05-1 L, Shanghai Pingxuan Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., China) at 37 °C for 15 min, and afterward, the viscosity of the mixtures was determined at shear rates of 200, 100, 30, and 1 s− 1 using a cone-plate viscometer.
The plasma expanders were diluted with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to obtain a concentration of 0.05%, and the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) [17 (link)] of each plasma expander was determined by a Zetasizer (Nano2S, Malvern, China) at 25 °C. Plasma expanders in the intrinsic concentration of the injection were diluted with PBS to achieve a concentration of 2%. A colloid osmometer (Osmomat 050, Gonotec, Germany) was used to measure the osmotic pressure of the colloids in the intrinsic concentration and diluted concentration (2%).
The plasma expanders were diluted with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to obtain a concentration of 0.05%, and the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) [17 (link)] of each plasma expander was determined by a Zetasizer (Nano2S, Malvern, China) at 25 °C. Plasma expanders in the intrinsic concentration of the injection were diluted with PBS to achieve a concentration of 2%. A colloid osmometer (Osmomat 050, Gonotec, Germany) was used to measure the osmotic pressure of the colloids in the intrinsic concentration and diluted concentration (2%).
7
Colloid Osmotic Pressure Measurement
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COP measurements of the CMs were conducted using a colloid osmometer (OSMOMAT 050; Gonotec GmbH, Berlin, Germany) at several protein concentrations at ca. 23 °C. The COP (π) is defined as shown in Eq. 1 using number-average molecular weights (Mn), the concentration of Hb units (C), the gas constant (R = 62.364 Torr•L•mol -1 •K -1 ), the absolute temperature (T), and the second and the third virial coefficients (A2, A3). 33
8
Colloid Osmotic Pressure Measurement
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COP of the Hb-rPEG was measured using a colloid osmometer (Osmomat 050; Gonotec GmbH, Berlin, Germany) with several protein concentrations at 21-24 °C. Albumin, native Hb, and XLHb were used as exemplary water-soluble proteins. COP (π) is defined as shown in Eq. 1 using number-average molecular weights (M n), the concentration of Hb units (C), the gas constant (R), the absolute temperature (T), and the second and the third virial coefficients (A2,
Eq. 1 is converted to Eq. 2.
From the intercept (π/C)C ➝0 of curve fitting on the plots of π/C versus C, 1/Mn is obtained according to Eq. 3.
Eq. 1 is converted to Eq. 2.
From the intercept (π/C)C ➝0 of curve fitting on the plots of π/C versus C, 1/Mn is obtained according to Eq. 3.
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