5 and 6 chloromethyl 2 7 dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

Sodium pyruvate, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2,7,dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA), annexin V-FITC, and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mn (III) tetrakis-(4-benzoic acid)-porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) and copper bis-3,5-diisopropylsalicylate (CuDIPs) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).

Hexane, acetone, and Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, and gelatin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). HPLC grade formic acid and methanol were purchased from VWR (Milan, Italy). HPLC grade water (18 mΩ) was obtained by a Mill-Q purification system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
H₂O₂ was purchased from Farmac-Zabban S.p.a. (Calderara di Reno, BO, Italy). Medium 199 (M199), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin solution, L-glutamine, and HEPES buffer were supplied by Hospira S.r.l. (Naples, Italy).
4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolium]-1,3-benzenedisulfonate (WST-1 assay), was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Mannheim, Germany), 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′, 7′-dichloro-di-hydro-fluorescein diacetate, and acetyl ester (CM − -H₂DCFDA) were supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).

The selective antibiotics, zeocin was purchased from Invitrogen (CA, USA). 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) and MitoTracker were purchased from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, CA, USA). Antibodies against PGC-1α, Keap1, and Nrf-2, were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, Texas, USA). Antibody against Hrd1 was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Antibodies against caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, Bcl2, phosphor-p53, total-p53, phosphor-GSK3β, totoal-GSK3β, phosphor-p38, phosphor-ERK1/2, phosphor-JNK, total-p38, total-ERK1/2, total-JNK, HO-1 and c-myc were all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). SB203580 and PD98059 were purchased from Calbiochem (Cat#559398 for SB203580 and Cat#513001 for PD98059, Darmstadt, Germany). N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, Cat#A7250) and Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium (Cat#M2128) for MTT assay was purchased from sigma-aldrich. For over-expression of human PGC-1α in HK-2 cells, human PGC-1α/pCDNA4 plasmid was purchased from Addgene (Cat#10974, Cambridge, USA). Nrf-2 specific siRNA (Cat# sc-37030) and control siRNA (Cat# sc-37007) were purchased from purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, Texas, USA). DhamaFECT 1 Transfection reagent was purchase from GE Healthcare (Cat# T-2001-02, USA).