Delta model 707

Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm (with shoes, socks, and headgear removed) using a stadiometer. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg (with shoes, socks, and bulky clothing removed) by using a single pair of electronic scales (Delta Model 707, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) that were calibrated using a known weight at the beginning of each clinic. Body mass index [BMI, weight (kg)/height (m²)] was also calculated.

Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg (with the subject’s shoes, socks, and bulky clothing removed), with a single pair of electronic scales (Delta Model 707; Seca, Munich, Germany) that were calibrated using a known weight at the beginning of each clinic session. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm (with shoes and socks removed) using a stadiometer. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m²). Smoking was assessed by questionnaire and categorized as current smoker, past smoker or never smoked [32 (link)]. Physical activity was also assessed by a self-administered questionnaire that assessed the amount of time spent in light and strenuous physical activity on a five-point scale [33 (link)]. Participants were asked about the number of days during the last 14 days spent doing at least 20 minutes of strenuous exercise (that is, bicycling, brisk walking, jogging, aerobics, and so forth that was enough to raise your pulse rate or cause you to breathe faster) and light exercise (that is, walking, light housework, slow bicycling, and so forth that was not severe enough to cause a pulse rate rising or breathing increase). The participants then chose a score between 1 and 5, where score 1 represents no days, score 2 represents 1 or 2 days, score 3 represents 3 or 5 days, score 4 represents 6 or 8 days, and score 5 represents 9 days or more of exercise.

Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm (with shoes, socks, and headgear removed) using a stadiometer. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg (with shoes, socks, and bulky clothing removed) by using a single pair of electronic scales (Delta Model 707, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) that were calibrated using a known weight at the beginning of each clinic. BMI (weight (kg)/height (m²)) was also calculated. Total body and trunk fat were measured by a Hologic dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner (Hologic Corp., Waltham, MA, USA).
The assessment of knee pain (on a flat surface, going up/down stairs, at night, sitting/lying, and standing upright) was self-administered, using the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) with a 10-point scale from 0 (no pain, stiffness, or functional problems) to 9 (most severe)
[14 (link)]. Each compartment of joint pain was summed to create a total pain score (0 to 45), and the presence of knee pain was defined as a total score or a subscale score ≥1
[15 (link),16 ].