Sulfadoxine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States

Sulfadoxine is a synthetic sulfonamide compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as an antimicrobial agent and inhibits the growth of certain microorganisms.

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Lab products found in correlation

6 protocols using sulfadoxine

Multiresidue Analysis of Sulfonamides

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MeCN, methanol, n‐hexane, and formic acid were supplied by Merck. Ultrapure water was prepared with a Milli‐Q system by Millipore. All solvents were in chromatographic grade.
Analytical standards (≥98%) of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamerazine (SM), sulfamethazine (SM2), sulfamethizole (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfathiazole (STZ) sulfachlorpyridazine (SCD), trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMD), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfadoxine (SDX), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfabenzamide (SBA), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), sulfacetamide (SAA), and sulfaphenazole (SPZ) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Stock solutions were prepared at a concentration of 100 µg/ml in methanol, and mixed standard solutions were diluted to 1,000 ng/ml. All solutions were stored at −20°C.
Oasis PRiME HLB (6cc, 200 mg) was purchased from Waters. EMR‐L product was purchased from Agilent Technologies, which consisted of two 15‐ml centrifuge tubes. QuEChERS d‐SPE EMR‐L contained 1 g EMR‐L material, and QuEChERS Final Polish EMR‐L contained 1.6 g magnesium sulfate and 0.4 g sodium chloride for salting out.

Wang J., Hu Q., Li P., Fang Y., Yang W., Ma N, & Pei F. (2019). Comparison of three different lipid removal cleanup techniques prior to the analysis of sulfonamide drug residues in porcine tissues. Food Science & Nutrition, 7(9), 3006-3016.

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Determination of Sulfonamides via Coordination Polymer

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All reagents used in this experiment were at least analytical grade. All the ultrapure water used in the experiment was obtained through Milli-Q (Millipore, Bradford, MA, USA). Ten sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfafurazole (SIZ), sulfamethizole (SMT), sulfadiazine (SD), sulfadimidine (SM2), sulfametoxydiazine (SMD), sulfadoxine (SDM′), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfathiazole (ST), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) were purchased from Sigma. 1,3,5-Triformylphloroglucinol (Tp), glycol, diglycolic anhydride (DA), 1,6-hexanediamine, benzidine (BD), and FeCl₃·6H₂O were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), mesitylene, and 1,4-dioxane were purchased from Concord Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). HNO₃ were obtained from Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). All glassware should be soaked in aqua regia (HCl : HNO₃ = 3 : 1, v/v) for at least 24 h and cleaned with ultrapure water.

Liu J.M., Lv S.W., Yuan X.Y., Liu H.L, & Wang S. (2019). Facile construction of magnetic core–shell covalent organic frameworks as efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbents for highly sensitive determination of sulfonamide residues against complex food sample matrices. RSC Advances, 9(25), 14247-14253.

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Quantification of Sulfonamide Residues

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Ammonia solution (30%), acetic acid (99.5%), n-hexane (95%), ammonium acetate (98%), were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Rodano, Italy). Chloroform and acetone (analytical grade) were obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Water, acetonitrile and methanol of HPLC grade were purchased from Baker (Deventer, Holland). The 0.02 M acetate buffer solution, used as solution (A) for HPLC mobile phase, was prepared by dissolving 1.54 g of ammonium acetate in water. The pH value was adjusted to 4.50±0.02 with acetic acid. Standards of SAs [sulfadiazine (SDA) 99.3%, sulfathiazole (STZ) 99.9%, sulfapyridine (SP) 99.7%, sulfamerazine (SM) 98.8%, sulfamethazine (SMZ) 99.8%, sulfamethoxipyridazine (SMP) 99.7%, sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) 99.4%, sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) 98%, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) 99.9%, sulfadoxine (SDO) 99.8%, sulfaphenazole (SNZ) 99%, sulfadimethoxine (SDM) 99.8% and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) 96%] were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
Working standards at concentration of 0.25-0.5-1.0-2.0-4.0 mg/L were prepared by appropriate dilution in mobile phase to make calibrations curves for the detection of SAs in meat. A feed sample fortified at five concentrations (0.2, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg) with standard solutions of SAs before the extraction was used to obtain the calibration curve for the analysis of SAs in feed.

Armentano A., Summa S., Magro S.L., D’Antini P., Palermo C, & Muscarella M. (2016). Core-Shell in Liquid Chromatography: Application for Determining Sulphonamides in Feed and Meat Using Conventional Chromatographic Systems. Italian Journal of Food Safety, 5(4), 6166.

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Quantitative Analysis of Sulfonamide Compounds

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Analytical standards of sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethizol, sulfamethazine, sulfabenzamide, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfaphenazole and sulfamonomethoxine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA; purity > 95%). Acetic acid (AC), formic acid, n-butyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate anhydrous (Na2SO4) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Triton X-114 (TX-114), Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Tween 20 of laboratory grade were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water was yielded by a Milli-Q Gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
The stock solution of each SA was prepared by dissolving 10 mg of each compound with 10 mL of methanol. The stock solution was stored in a freezer. Before use, the stock solutions were mixed with appropriate volumes of methanol to prepare standard working solutions.

Li Z., Zhang J., Yang Y., Xu H., Wang J, & Yang Y. (2020). Determination of Sulfonamides in Milk by Cloud Point-Salting Out Extraction and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 36(12).

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Simultaneous Determination of Antibiotics

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The chemical reagents employed were commercially available. Methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), formic acid (FA) and water as mobile phase of LC-MS pure grade were purchased from Merck (Shanghai, China). Analytical grade solvents were purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Regent Factory (Guangzhou, China). Other reagents were all purchased from Aladin (Shanghai, China). The sieve plates for SPE column were made in polypropylene with the pore size of 20 μm.
The standard of nine single antibiotic, sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfadimidine (SMZ), tetracycline (TC), sulfametoxydiazine (SME), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfadoxine (SDO), chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), doxycycline (DC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, USA). The stock solution of the mixed standard were prepared as 10 mg L⁻¹ in methanol/water (1 : 1, v/v), and stored at 4 °C in darkness. Different calibration solutions were prepared daily, by dilution of the stock solution with methanol/water (1 : 4, v/v).

Wang G., Zhou T, & Lei Y. (2020). Exploration of a novel triazine-based covalent organic framework for solid-phase extraction of antibiotics. RSC Advances, 10(20), 11557-11564.

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Rapid Diagnostic Test Preparation

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Acetylsalicylic acid, 4-pyridyl pyridinium chloride (PPC), amodiaquine, calcium carbonate, sulfadoxine, primaquine bisphosphate, pyrimethamine, atovaquone, chloroquine phosphate, quinine, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and proguanil hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Artesunate was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). DOX was obtained from MP Biomedical (Santa Ana, CA). Corn starch was obtained from a local grocery store. Test cards were printed on Ahlstrom 319 chromatography paper (Midlands Scientific, Chicago, IL).
The test cards were printed as described in a previous publication.22 (link) A spoke inoculating manifold (or “frog” device) was obtained from Dan-Kar (Woburn, MA) and used to transfer spots of reagents stored in two 96-well plates to the printed cards.

Weaver A.A, & Lieberman M. (2015). Paper Test Cards for Presumptive Testing of Very Low Quality Antimalarial Medications. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92(Suppl 6), 17-23.

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