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5 protocols using potassium hexacyanoferrate 2 k4fe cn 6

1

Electrochemical Sensing with Graphene Nanoplatelets

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The chemicals
used in this study were alumina substrates obtained from PT. Pridhana
Eka (Bandung, Indonesia), carbon paste was obtained from Dynamo (Stockholm,
Sweden), silver paste (Ag) and dielectric paste were purchased from
SHOEI Chemical Co Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and graphene nanoplatelets
were purchased from Johnson Matthey PLC (London, England). Silver
nitrate/AgNO3 (≥99.0%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Germany). Trisodium citrate/Na3C6H5O7, dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.8%), potassium chloride/KCl
(≥99.5%), sodium chloride, potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)/K4[Fe(CN)6], potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)/K3[Fe(CN)6] (≥99%), potassium hydrogen phosphate/K2HPO4 (≥99.99%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate/KH2PO4 (≥99.5%), sodium hydroxide/NaOH, Rhodamine
B/C28H31ClN2O3, sucrose/C12H22O11 (≥99.5%),
monosodium glutamate/C5H8NO4Na, and
sodium benzoate/C7H5NaO2 were obtained
from Merck (Germany). All reagents used in this work were of analytical
grade and were used without further purification. All solutions were
prepared using DI water with a resistivity of >18 MΩ. Traditional
crackers were purchased from a local market.
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2

Nalidixic Acid with Carbon Nanotubes

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Nalidixic acid was purchased from Duchefa, Biochemie B.V. (purity > 99.4).
Three multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been used, all manufactured by DropSense: nonfunctionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT; S BET =277 m 2 /g and V meso =2.50 cm 3 /g), functionalized with -COOH groups (MWCNT-COOH; S BET =273 m 2 /g and V meso =1.32 cm 3 /g), and functionalized with -NH 2 groups (MWCNT-NH 2 ; S BET =293 m 2 /g and V meso =1.38; cm 3 /g). Their morphological properties have been reported in a previous work (Table S1) [31] .
Phosphate buffer (PBS) solutions of different pH were prepared by mixing the corresponding amounts of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium phosphate monobasic (KH 2 PO 4 ) and sodium phosphate dibasic (Na 2 HPO 4 ).
Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) (K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) was purchased from Merck and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium.
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3

Graphene Oxide-Based Colorimetric Assay

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Sunset yellow (SY), Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) ([K4Fe(CN)6]), potassium chloride (KCl), and phosphate buffer tablets (PBS, 0.1 M) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Graphene oxide (GO) powder was purchased from Iranian Nanomaterials Pioneers. Food samples were prepared from local market (Amol, Iran).
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4

Graphene-Wrapped Nanofiber Electrodes

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Polymers, PAN (Shandong
Jianuofu Treasure Industrial Co.) and PAA (Sigma-Aldrich) with weight-average
molecular weights (MW) of 150,000 and
450,000 g·mol–1, respectively, were used for
preparing the precursor solutions. The polymer–solvent used
was N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF),
99% pure (Alfa Aesar). Toluene (Fisher Scientific); 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
(APS), 99% pure (ACROS Organics); hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Sigma-Aldrich);
hydrazine monohydrate (Fisher Scientific, diluted in water to 50%);
and aqueous GO were used for the graphene wrapping process. Potassium
hexacyanoferrate(II) [K4Fe(CN)6] (Sigma-Aldrich),
sodium phosphate buffer (PBS), and potassium chloride (KCl) (extra
pure, ACROS Organics) were used for the electrochemical characterization.
Three-electrode SPCEs (Metrohm Dropsens, DRP C110) comprising a 4
mm diameter circle WE, a counter electrode, and a Ag reference electrode
were used for attaching the nanofibers to the WE, with conductive
carbon glue (Pelco).
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5

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Sensor

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Ondansetron (ODS) hydrochloride, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrazine monohydrate, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K4Fe(CN)6), and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI, Mw ∼ 25 000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and used as received.
Graphene oxide (GO) powder was purchased from Graphenea, Spain and ampicillin (AMP) from Fisher Scientific.
Kapton® HN polyimide foils with a thickness of 125 μm were obtained from DuPont (Circleville, OH, USA).
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