Capan 2

Human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines AsPC-1 and Capan-2 were purchased from Cell Lines Service (CLS, Eppelheim, Germany). PC cell line BxPC-3 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). The three cell lines are known to express the EGFR protein [20 (link), 21 (link)]. AsPC-1 and Capan-2 carry KRAS mutations, while BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 are TP53 mutated. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640, supplemented with 10% FBS at 37 °C, 5% CO₂. Nelfinavir mesylate and erlotinib HCl (OSI-744) were obtained from Selleckchem (Munich, Germany). 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline (nitroxoline) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines AsPC-1 and Capan-2 were acquired from Cell Lines Service (CLS, Eppelheim, Germany). AsPC-1 carries mutations both in KRAS and p53, while Capan-2 is KRAS mutated and p53 wild type. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37 °C, 5% CO₂. Parbendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and oxibendazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gemcitabine was obtained by Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). DMSO was used to prepare stock solutions of the different drugs. A fixed amount of DMSO was present in each experiment and the maximum percentage of the solvent in culture media (0.15%) was employed in drug combination experiments.

The human pancreatic cancer cell lines Capan-2, Dan-G, and FamPac were obtained from Cell Lines Service (Heidelberg, Germany). PaTu-8988T, Panc-1, MiaPaca-2, L3.6pl (a metastastic subclone of Colo 357), Suit-2 007 (a metastastic subclone of Suit-2) and immortalized human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (HPDE) were kindly provided by Maximilian Schnurr, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU Munich [9 (link), 10 (link)]. Identity of cell lines was confirmed by short tandem repeat (STR) typing (service provided by the DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Tumor cell lines were cultured in DMEM (Capan-2, PaTu-8988T, Panc-1, MiaPaca-2, L3.6pl, and Suit-2 007) or RPMI-1640 medium (FamPac and Dan-G) supplemented with 10 % heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 0.1 mg/ml streptomycin (all from Life Technologies, Karlsruhe, Germany) at 37 °C and 7.5 % CO₂, or 5 % CO₂, respectively. HPDE cells were maintained in a 1:1 mixture of keratinocyte serum-free medium and RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 250 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor (EGF), 25 μg/ml bovine pituitary gland extract (BPE), 5 % FCS, 50 U/ml penicillin, and 0.05 mg/ml streptomycin (all from Life Technologies) at 37 °C and 5 % CO₂.