Coumarin 6

DTX was provided by Korea United Pharma Inc. (Seoul, Korea). Lauroglycol 90, Lauroglycol FCC, Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349, Labrafac CC, Capryol 90, Labrafil M 1944 CS, Transcutol P, and Labrasol were obtained from Gattefossé Co. (Lyon, France). Capmul MCM was purchased from the Abitec Corporation (Cleveland, OH, USA). Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), Tween 20, and Tween 80 were bought from Samchun Chemical Co., Ltd (Pyungtaek, Korea). Cremophor EL and Pluronic L64 were provided by BASF Co. (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Tetraglycol, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Coumarin-6 (C6), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lipoid^® S100 (phospholipid, PLC) was obtained from Lipoid Co. (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade methanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane, and ethanol were bought from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).

Pluronic P85 (M.W. = 4600) was obtained from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, and (5-carboxypentyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP-COOH) was provided by Bailingwei Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). GSH (reduced) and DA were provided by Energy Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide was obtained from TCI Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), genistein, chlorpromazine, amiloride, coumarin 6 (C6), and PTX were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Penicillin-streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and RPMI 1640 were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies (USA). An ATP assay kit was provided by Beyotime Biotechnology. MitoTracker Red and LysoTracker® Red were supplied by Yeasen Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.

TPL and SFN (purity ≥ 98%) were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Coumarin-6 (C6) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St.Louis, MO, USA). Glyceryl monooleate (MO) was kindly donated by Gattefossé Co. (Lyon, France). Acetonitrile, ethanol and other reagents with analytical grade were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) were obtained from Gibco Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). TUNEL apoptosis assay kit was obtained from Roche Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Basel, Switzerland). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
The Huh-7 cell line and RAW 264.7 cell line were purchased from the Cell Bank of Typical Culture Preservation Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). Huh-7 cells and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37 °C.
Healthy male Balb/c-nu mice (18 ± 2 g) were randomly assigned to different groups. The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine before the research.

Methoxy PEG (MPEG, Mw2000), tin (II)2-ethylhexanoate, 4′,6-dia-midino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and coumarin-6 (C6) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). D,L-lactide and polyethylene glycol were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan n), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), McCoy’s 5 A medium, and trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Gibco Company (San Diego, CA, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical or HPLC grade and were used as received. A549 cells were purchased from the National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource (Beijing, China) and cultured with McCoy’s 5 A containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in an incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37 °C.

Bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), coded T19, was supplied by Biomer (Schwalbach, Germany). The number and weight average molecular weight, Mn and Mw, as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), were 193 and 223 kg mol⁻¹, respectively. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI) with an Mw of 800 kg mol^-1 (800 D-PEI, ratio of primary:secondary:tertiary amine groups 1:0.82:0.7), Coumarin-6 (C6), and Pluronic F-127 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Microfiltered (0.22 µm) double distilled water (milliQ) was used throughout the studies. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), sodium pyruvate, L-glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Hyclone (Milan, Italy). All other chemicals and solvents used were of the highest grade commercially available (Sigma-Aldrich).

Phospholipid (soybean lecithin containing 90.4% phosphatidylcholine) was purchased from Shanghai Tai-wei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Fusidic acid was obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, analytical grade) and Coumarin 6 (C6) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Luria–Bertani Medium was supplied by Coolaber Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). DAPI staining solution (C1006) was purchased from Beyotime Biotech Inc. (Shanghai, China).