C57bl 6j

WT C57BL/6J mice were purchased from Janvier Elevage. C57BL/6J (originally from Janvier Elevage), Maxi transgenic (CD45.1) mice expressing a TCR specific for MCMV peptide M38_316–323 (Torti et al., 2011 (link)), P14 transgenic (CD45.1) mice expressing a TCR specific for LCMV peptide gp33_33–41 (Pircher et al., 1990 (link); Torti et al., 2011 (link)), PKOB^−/− (Kägi et al., 1994 (link)), CD45.1 OT-I mice expressing a TCR specific for OVA_257–264 SIINFEKL peptide (Hogquist et al., 1994 (link)), CD45.1 OT-I Rag1^−/−, and CD45.1 OT-I Stat1^−/− (the Stat1^−/− mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories and crossed to the CD45.1 OT-I line) were housed and bred under specific pathogen–free conditions at the ETH Phenomics Center Hönggerberg. All KO and transgenic mice strains were crossed on a C57BL/6 background for >10 generations. All mice were used between 6–12 wk of age and sex-matched within all experiments. All animal experiments were performed according to the institutional policies and Swiss federal regulations, and those were approved by the Cantonal Veterinary Office of Zürich (Animal experimentation permissions 228/2013, 166/2016).

Seven-week-old wild type C57Bl/6J males and females mice were purchased from Janvier Laboratories (Le Genest Saint Isle, France). They were mated to obtain male pups for the NMS protocol. After birth, wild-type C57Bl/AJ pups were isolated from their mother from post-natal days P2 to P14, three hours per day (from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.). These mice were named NMS mice. Pups were then left with their mothers up to weaning (P21) (Figure 1A). Control wild-type C57Bl/AJ pups were co-housed in the animal facility and were called non-handled (NH) mice. In addition, ten-week-old wild type C57Bl/6J males were purchased from Janvier Laboratories and used for FliC intrarectal instillation experiment. Animals were given access to food and water ad libitum and housed with a 12 h light-dark cycle. All experiments were performed on twelve-week-old male mice and were performed according to the ethical guidelines set out by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), complied with the European Union regulation and were approved by ethics committees: The local committees C2EA-02 of Clermont-Ferrand (approvals CE110-12 and CE111-12).