Dats 98 pure

DATS (98% pure) was purchased from LKT Laboratories (Minneapolis, MN, USA). DMEM media and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). The rabbit anti-human polyclonal GRP78 antibody and mouse anti-human polyclonal β-actin were purchased from AbCam (Cambridge, UK). The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G [IgG; heavy and light (H+L) chain] was obtained from EarthOx Life Sciences (Millbrae, CA, USA). HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and rat anti-mouse IgG were obtained from SCBT (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and synthesized into cDNA using the PrimScript RT reagent kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, People’s Republic of China). The Bradford protein assay kit was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). The primers were GRP78 forward: 5′-CGTCCTATGTCGCTTCACT-3′, reverse: 5′-TGTCTTTGTTTGCCCACCTC-3′.

DATS (98% pure) was purchased from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Rabbit anti-human polyclonal CRT antibody (cat. no. ab227444) and mouse anti-human polyclonal β-actin antibody (cat. no. ab8227) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G antibody (FITC-IgG; heavy and light chain; cat. no. E031220-01) was obtained from EarthOx Life Sciences (Millbrae, CA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (cat. no. sc-2004) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The primer sequences were as follows: CRT upstream, 5′-TTGGAAGAGATTGGGACT-3′ and downstream, 5′-GCCAAAGTTATCATAGGCATAGA-3′; β-actin upstream, 5′-CTCCCTGGAGAAGAGCTACGA-3′ and downstream, 5′-CGATCCACACGGAGTACTTGC-3′ (Takara Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Dalian, China).