1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS, C16H19F17O3Si), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), anhydrous diethyl ether, phosphorous oxychloride, fluorinated alkyl-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG, Mw ≈ 600), trimethylamine, oil red, oil blue, and oil green were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Ammonium hydroxide (28%) and ethanol were purchased from Chem-Supply Pty Ltd. Commercial cotton fabric (plain weave, 160 g m−2, thickness ≈ 510 μm) was obtained from local store.
Ethanol
Manufactured by Chem-Supply
Sourced in Australia, United States
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the chemical formula C2H5OH. It is a volatile, flammable, and polar protic solvent that is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chem-Supply (4 mentions)
Acetone, by Chem-Supply (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Hexane, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile aibn, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Chem-Supply (2 mentions)
Eudragit epo, by Evonik (2 mentions)
Acetone, by RCI Labscan (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glycerol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Palmitic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Goat serum, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phosphorous oxychloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anhydrous diethyl ether, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Oil red, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulphanilamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
24 protocols using ethanol
1
Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric Fabrication
2
Reagents Used in Immunological Assays
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Ethanol was purchased from Chem-Supply (Gillman, SA, Australia); bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide (E. coli serotype-0127:B8), EDTA, N-(1-napthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, benzylpenicillin G sodium salt, resazurin sodium salt (10%), streptomycin, sulphanilamide, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), trypan blue, and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). GIBCO, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and glutamine were purchased from Life Technologies (Mulgrave, VIC, Australia). Murine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and TNF-α ELISA kits were purchased from PeproTech Asia (Rehovot, Israel). Citric acid and monosodium dihydrogen carbonate (NaH2CO3) were from AJAX Chemicals (Auburn, NSW, Australia). Tween-20 was from Amresco (Solon, Ohio, USA). MEthanol, monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was BDH brand supplied by Merck Pty. Ltd. (Kilsyth, VIC, Australia).
3
Graphite Powder Production and Functionalization
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Natural graphite rocks
were obtained from a local mining site (Uley, Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia, Australia), crushed into powder using a benchtop ring mill
(Rocklabs), and sifted using a 25 μm sieve. Potassium permanganate
(Sigma-Aldrich), 85% w/w phosphoric acid (Chem-Supply), 98% sulfuric
acid (Chem-Supply), 30% hydrogen peroxide (Chem-Supply), 36% hydrochloric
acid (Chem-Supply), 64–65% hydrazine monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich),
30% ammonia (Chem-Supply), cysteamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylforamide (DMF, Chem-Supply),
2,2-azobis-2-methylpropionitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich), hexane (Chem-Supply),
ethyl acetate (Chem-Supply), and ethanol (Chem-Supply) were used directly
without prior purification.
were obtained from a local mining site (Uley, Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia, Australia), crushed into powder using a benchtop ring mill
(Rocklabs), and sifted using a 25 μm sieve. Potassium permanganate
(Sigma-Aldrich), 85% w/w phosphoric acid (Chem-Supply), 98% sulfuric
acid (Chem-Supply), 30% hydrogen peroxide (Chem-Supply), 36% hydrochloric
acid (Chem-Supply), 64–65% hydrazine monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich),
30% ammonia (Chem-Supply), cysteamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylforamide (DMF, Chem-Supply),
2,2-azobis-2-methylpropionitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich), hexane (Chem-Supply),
ethyl acetate (Chem-Supply), and ethanol (Chem-Supply) were used directly
without prior purification.
4
Standard Analytical Reagent Procurement
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Analytical grade acetone, acetic acid, anhydrous sodium acetate, ethanol, hexane, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sulfuric acid were obtained from Chem Supply (Port Adelaide, South Australia, Australia). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, and ammonium acetate as well as analytical standards (Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, vanillin, gallic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, (+)-catechin, coumestrol, formononetin, genistein, and naringenin) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Australia).
5
Tissue Fixation and Preservation
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Chloral Hydrate C-IV (#15307, Sigma-Aldrich, Australia)
Ethanol (#EA043-2.5L, Chem-Supply, Australia)
Formaldehyde (#809, Ajax Finechem, Australia)
Glacial Acetic Acid (#2335, Ajax Finechem, Australia)
Glycerol (#242, Ajax Finechem, Australia)
6
Rice Cultivation Protocol for Experiments
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Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare was used for all experiments. Rice grain was surface sterilized with 70% (v/v) ethanol (Chem-Supply, SA, Australia) for 1 min and 30% (v/v) bleach (White King, NSW, Australia) with a few drops of Tween-20 (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, United States) for 30 min and washed three times with sterile dH2O. Surface sterilized rice grain was germinated in a petri dish with moist sterile filter paper (Whatman, United Kingdom) for 7–9 days prior to transplanting to 1 l pots filled with potting mix in a glasshouse maintained at 26°C and 70% relative humidity at The University of Melbourne (Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Lighting was provided through natural lighting supplemented with a mixture of high-pressure sodium and metal halide lamps for 12 h during the day. The potting mix was prepared by mixing one part washed fine sand (Col Smith, VIC, Australia), one part propagating sand (Brunnings, VIC, Australia), two parts premium vermiculate (Exfoliators, VIC, Australia), and one part General Mix potting media (Australian Growing Solutions, VIC, Australia) fertilized with Osmocote Exact Standard 8–9 M (ICL, NSW, Australia) at a rate of 6 g/L.
7
Standardized Tannin Quantification Assays
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Reagents and reference compounds (≥97% purity) used for the methyl cellulose precipitable (MCP) tannin assay, the modified Somers assay, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia).
Ethanol (96%),d -(+)-Glucose (≥99.5% purity), sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Chem-supply (Gillman, SA, Australia), Sigma-Aldrich, Rowe Scientific (Lonsdale, SA, Australia), and Merck (Bayswater, VIC, Australia), respectively.
Milli-Q water (Millipore, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) was used for all solution preparations.
Ethanol (96%),
Milli-Q water (Millipore, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) was used for all solution preparations.
8
Immunohistochemical Analysis of GFAP in Intestinal Tissues
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Sections of jejuna and colon were cut from paraffin blocks at 4 μm thickness and mounted onto silane-coated slides (Lomb Scientific Pty Ltd). Tissue samples were dewaxed in xylene (Merck Pty Ltd) and rehydrated through a graded series of ethanol (Chem Supply). Sections were immersed in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0, Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd) and antigen retrieval performed by heating sections in a microwave (LG) on high (800 W) until boiling and then on low (160 W) for 10 min. Sections were allowed to cool and endogenous peroxidise activity subsequently blocked with 3 % H 2 O 2 in methanol (Chem Supply). Non-specific antibody binding was blocked with 20 % normal horse serum (NHS) (Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd) in PBS for 30 min at room temperature (RT). Avidin-Biotin Blocking Kit (Vector Laboratories) was used to block endogenous avidin-biotin activity. Sections were incubated overnight with a primary goat polyclonal antibody (diluted in 10 % NHS) directed at GFAP at 1:400 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #SC-6171) at 4 °C. Sections were then incubated with an appropriate secondary antibody (20 min at RT), ABC labelling reagent (30 min at RT) and developed with 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine. Sections were counterstained with Lillie-Mayer's hematoxylin (HDS Scientific Supplies Pty Ltd), dehydrated and cleared in xylene (Merck Pty Ltd) before being mounted.
9
Flucloxacillin Sodium Monohydrate Solvent Systems
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Flucloxacillin sodium (FS) monohydrate was purchased from Aspen Pharmacare Australia Pty Ltd. (St Leonards, NSW, Australia). Eudragit® EPO was gifted by Evonik (Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany). Palmitic acid was purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA), ethanol was purchased from Chem-Supply Pty Ltd. (Gillman, SA, Australia), and acetone was purchased from RCI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Unilab (Sydney, NSW, Australia). Unless specified, all chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. This study utilised five solvent systems comprising ethanol:acetone at the following volume ratios: 1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.25:0.75, and 0:1.
10
Extraction and Purification of Marine Bioactive Compounds
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All solvents used were chromatography grade. MEthanol, hydrofluoric acid (HF, 48%5 (link)), and chloroform were obtained from Merck (VIC, Australia). Ethanol was purchased from Chem Supply (SA, Australia). Tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)dimethylchlorosilane (F13) was purchased from Gelest Inc. (PA, USA). 6Br was synthesised by Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan), the structure and purity were validated according to Esmaeelian, et al.35 (link). The natural extract (NE) was prepared from the hypobranchial glands of the marine gastropod Dicathais orbita according to Esmaeelian, et al.55 (link).
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