For the allergic contact hypersensitivity model, mice were sensitized via topical application of 0.5% (v/v) DNFB (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in 4:1 acetone/olive oil on their shaved back (50µl) and were challenged 4–5 days later with 0.25% DNFB or vehicle control (5µl on the dorsal and 5µl on the ventral side of the ear). For the irritant contact dermatitis model, 2% (v/v) croton oil (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in 4:1 acetone/olive oil or vehicle control was used. Ear thickness was measured using an engineer’s micrometer (Mitutoyo, Tokyo, Japan). For depletion of macrophages, a single dose of 100µl clophosome was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and a single dose of 20µL clophosome (FormuMax Scientific, Inc. Palo Alto, CA) was injected intradermal (i.d.) into mice 24 hrs prior to the sensitization or the elicitation phase of CHS. Injections of the same amount of empty liposomes (FormuMax Scientific, Inc. Palo Alto, CA) into mice served as control. The efficiency of clopohosomes to deplete macrophages was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis (data not shown). In some studies, a selective iNOS inhibitor, N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine, dihydrochloride (14 (link)) (L-NIL; Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI) was injected ip.6 mg/kg for the first dose and then 3 mg/kg twice daily or PBS were injected into animals during the time of the experiment.
Clophosome
Manufactured by Formumax Scientific
Sourced in United States
The Clophosome is a laboratory instrument designed for the encapsulation of various compounds within liposomes. It utilizes a proprietary process to efficiently entrap desired substances within lipid-based vesicles. The core function of the Clophosome is to facilitate the preparation of liposomal formulations for various applications in research and development.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Empty liposomes, by Formumax Scientific (1 mentions)
Engineer s micrometer, by Mitutoyo (1 mentions)
Croton oil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L nil, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Ivis spectrum in vivo imaging system, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Thp 1 cell line, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Tumor dissociation kit, by Miltenyi Biotec (1 mentions)
Anti mouse pd 1, by BioXCell (1 mentions)
Control liposome, by Formumax Scientific (1 mentions)
L arginine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 ohg, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Cerulean, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Guanosine, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
4 hne, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Celecoxib, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Liproxstatin 1, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Celltrace violet, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
10 protocols using clophosome
1
Modeling Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis
2
In Vivo Tracking of Nanoparticles
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Six normal mice (not subjected to surgical intervention) and MIONs conjugated with Cy7 were used. The mice were injected with the nanoparticles at a dose of 100 mg/kg through the tail vein. Whole-body fluorescence was monitored daily by in vivo bioluminescence imaging on IVIS Spectrum In Vivo Imaging System (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). For macrophage depletion, the mice were intravenously injected with 0.2 mL of Clophosome (Formu-Max Scientific Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) through the tail vein 24 hours prior to the administration of DATS-MIONs. Six macrophage-depleted mice were then subjected to similar injection and monitoring procedures.
3
DSS-Induced Inflammation Model in FHC Cells
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FHC and THP‐1 cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). Complete medium was prepared from 90% RPMI‐1640, 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/mL) at 37°C with 5% CO2. To produce the DSS‐induced inflammation model in vitro, FHC cells were starved for 12 hours, treated with 1% DSS for 4 hours and then incubated with reduced serum culture medium at 37°C for 4 hours. Clophosome (FormuMax Scientific, California, USA) was used to achieve macrophage depletion.
4
Evaluating Anti-CD200R1 Adenovirus Therapy
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Female C57BL/6 mice and C57BL/6-Tg (Foxp3-GFP)90Pkraj/J (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA) of 6 to 8 weeks old were inoculated subcutaneously with 1 × 106 MEER/CD200High or MEER/control cells. When tumors were palpable (approximately day 10 to 13), 5 × 108 PFUs of adenovirus were injected intratumorally 3 times at 4-day intervals. Tumors were harvested from the mice after euthanasia, and tumor tissues were then dissociated using a tumor dissociation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). For macrophage depletion studies, 1.4 mg of a clodronate liposome formulation, Clophosome (FormuMax Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), was intraperitoneally injected before the first injection of adenovirus and was then administered (0.7 mg) every 4 days for a total of three treatments. For CD8+ T cell depletion studies, an anti-CD8 depletion antibody (clone 2.43) was injected intraperitoneally one day before virus injection and was then administered (500 μg) 6 times at 5-day intervals. For combination therapy of AdsCD200R1 with anti-PD1 antibodies, anti-mouse PD-1 (Bioxcell, Lebanon, NH, USA) was injected intraperitoneally (400 μg) 4 times at 4-day intervals. Tumor volumes were determined using the following formula: tumor volume (mm3) = length × width2 × 0.5236.
5
Macrophage Depletion in Myocardial Infarction
6
Liposomal Clodronate for Macrophage Depletion
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Mouse macrophage depletion was done by intravenous (i.v.) injection of liposomal clodronate (Clophosome, FormuMax Scientific Inc., USA). Three days after turpentine oil injection, mice (two groups, 4 mice in each group) received 1.4 mg (200 µl) liposomal clodronate, and then 0.7 mg (100 µl) every 2-3 days (scheme 1). Another four mice received 1.4 mg (200 µl) liposomal clodronate started 2 days before turpentine oil injection, and then 0.7 mg (100 µl) every 2-3 days (scheme 2).
7
Oxidative Stress Pathway Analysis
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Cerulean (#C9026) and l -arginine (#A5131) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. 8-OHG (#ab145594) was obtained from Abcam. 4-HNE (#2083) was obtained from BioVision. Clophosome (#F70101C-N) and control liposomes (#F70101-N) were obtained from FormuMax Scientific. Liproxstatin-1 (#S7699), guanosine (#S2439), celecoxib (#S1261), and PGE2 (#S3003) were obtained from Selleck Chemicals.
8
Monocyte/Macrophage Depletion and Transplantation
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For selective depletion of monocytes/macrophages, each C57BL/6J mouse were injected i.v. with 0.1 ml of Clophosome® (FormuMax Scientific) 24 h before MI. Exogenous macrophages were derived from C57BL/6.SJL mice and were labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE, Thermofisher) or CellTrace Violet (Thermofisher) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Immediately before MI, 1 × 106 or 4 × 106 labeled macrophages in 200 µl of PBS were transferred into each C57BL/6J recipient mouse through retro-orbital injection.
9
Clodronate Liposomes Microinjection into Salivary Glands
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After SGs were identified, clodronate liposomes (Clophosome, 2 µl, 20 mg/ml, CAT: F70101C-AH, FormuMax Scientific Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) or PBS liposomes (CAT: F70101-AH) were microinjected into the bilateral SGs by a glass micropipette. The terminal experiments were performed at 1 week after microinjection.
10
Tumor Growth Suppression Strategies
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5×106 M14 control or bcl-2 overexpressing cells were subcutaneously injected into 6–8-week-old female immunodeficient athymic CD1 nude mice and euthanized 15 or 30 days after injection. 2×105 B16/F10 control or bcl-2 overexpressing cells were injected subcutaneously in 6–8-week-old female C57/Bl6 mice and sacrificed 19 days after injection. For kineret (anakinra, Sobi, Stockholm, Sweden) treatment, 3 days after cell injection mice were treated i.p. with vehicle or with kineret 1 mg/kg daily for 10 days. For clodronate liposomes (Clophosome, FormuMax Scientific, Sunnyvale, California, USA) treatment, 3 days after cell injection mice were treated intravenously with vehicle or clodronate (200 ul) two times a week up to the day of the sacrifice. Mice were monitored for any signs of pain, and tumor growth was monitored using a caliper.
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