Violet red bile glucose agar

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United Kingdom

Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar is a culture medium used for the selective isolation and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in food and water samples. It contains bile salts, crystal violet, and glucose as the principal components.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

27 protocols using violet red bile glucose agar

Microbiological Analysis of Marinated Meat

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The microbiological parameters (i.e., total bacteria count (TBC), lactic acid bacteria count (LABC), total enterobacteria count (TEBC), and mould/yeast count (M/Y)) of the prepared marinades and the treated LM were evaluated. For this evaluation, 10 mL and 10 g of a sample were homogenised with 90 mL of saline (0.9%). Then, serial dilutions of 10¹–10⁷ with saline were used for the sample preparation.
The LAB counts were determined on MRS agar with Tween-80 (Biolife, Milano, Italy) using standard plate count techniques. The procedures were described in detail in ISO 15214:1998 [65 ].
The total bacteria counts (TBCs) were determined on plate count agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy), as described in ISO 4833-2 [66 ].
The total enterobacteria counts (TEBCs) were determined on violet red bile glucose agar (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK), as described in ISO 21528-2 [67 ].
The yeast and mould counts were determined on Dichloran rose Bengal chloramphenicol agar (Liofilchem, Milan, Italy), as described in ISO 21527-2 [68 ].
The total bacteria counts were calculated and expressed as the log₁₀ of colony-forming units (CFU·mL⁻¹ and g) of the samples.

Zavistanaviciute P., Klementaviciute J., Klupsaite D., Zokaityte E., Ruzauskas M., Buckiuniene V., Viskelis P, & Bartkiene E. (2023). Effects of Marinades Prepared from Food Industry By-Products on Quality and Biosafety Parameters of Lamb Meat. Foods, 12(7), 1391.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Microbiological Analysis of Cocoa Beans

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Microbiological analyses were performed according to Chaves et al. [23 (link)]. From samples of dried cocoa beans, the beans (from here they are beans without shell) and the shells were obtained by manual separation. Twenty grams of cocoa nibs and separate shells were homogenized in a Stomacher Lab-blender (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ, USA) in 90 mL phosphate buffer solution (PBS, Biolife, Milan, Italy) sterile solution, pH 7.4. Decimal dilutions of the suspension were prepared in PBS, plated and incubated as follows: Enterobacteriaceae were counted and isolated in Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) at 37 °C in anaerobiosis for 48 h; mesophilic aerobic bacteria in Plate Count Agar (PCA) at 30 °C for 48 h; thermophilic aerobic bacteria in PCA and incubated at 45 °C for 48 h; lactobacilli in De Man Rogose and Sharp (MRS) Broth (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) at 37 °C in anaerobiosis for 72 h; lactic streptococci in M17 agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) at 37 °C in anaerobiosis for 72 h; yeasts in Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD) agar medium and Walerstein Laboratory (WL) medium agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy) at 25 °C for 48 h; moulds in DG18 Agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) and Czapec-Agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy) added with 150 ppm chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich Italy, Milan, IT) for 5 days.

Delgado-Ospina J., Di Mattia C.D., Paparella A., Mastrocola D., Martuscelli M, & Chaves-Lopez C. (2020). Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells. Foods, 9(4), 520.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Antimicrobial Evaluation of OLE in Milk

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Antimicrobial properties of OLE added to milk, as described before, were evaluated after 0, 6 (expiry date), 8, and 10 d of storage by estimating the total mesophilic bacteria (TMB) and the total Enterobacteriaceae counts. Each milk sample, added or not with OLE, was serially diluted with sterile Ringer solution (BR0052, Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), and pour plated (1 mL) in Petri plates containing Plate Count Agar with cycloheximide 0.1% solution (to avoid fungal growth) and Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), respectively for the two microbial groups. The plates were incubated at 32 °C for 24–48 h. Bacterial colonies were counted, and the mean was expressed as log10 CFU (colony forming unit)/mL of milk ± the standard error. Analyses were carried out in triplicate.

Palmeri R., Parafati L., Trippa D., Siracusa L., Arena E., Restuccia C, & Fallico B. (2019). Addition of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) for Producing Fortified Fresh Pasteurized Milk with an Extended Shelf Life. Antioxidants, 8(8), 255.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Microbiological Evaluation of Food Samples

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The microbiological parameters of the samples, including TBC, LAB, TEC, and M/Y counts, were evaluated. A 10 g and 10 mL sample was homogenized in 90 mL of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution for this evaluation. The sample was then prepared using saline serial dilutions ranging from 10¹ to 10⁷. The M/Y viable counts were measured on Dichloran rose Bengal chloramphenicol agar (Liofilchem, Milan, Italy); TEC was measured on violet-red bile glucose agar (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK); TBC was measured on plate count agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy); and LAB viable counts were measured on MRS agar with Tween-80 (Biolife, Milano, Italy). Section 2.2 provides standards for assessing microbiological parameters.

Klementaviciute J., Zavistanaviciute P., Klupsaite D., Rocha J.M., Gruzauskas R., Viskelis P., El Aouad N, & Bartkiene E. (2024). Valorization of Dairy and Fruit/Berry Industry By-Products to Sustainable Marinades for Broilers’ Wooden Breast Meat Quality Improvement. Foods, 13(9), 1367.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Antioxidant Potential of Fermented Brewer's Spent Grain

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Lactic acid bacteria strains were singly inoculated (initial cell density ca. 7.5 cfu/g) in BSG homogenized with water at a 60:40 ratio and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. Native BSG and BSG incubated without the inoculum were used as control (Ct t0 and Ct t24). Fermentation was monitored by measuring, before and after incubation, pH and enumerating presumptive LAB using MRS (Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom) agar medium, supplemented with cycloheximide (0.1 g/L). Plates were incubated in anaerobiosis condition (AnaeroGen and AnaeroJar, Oxoid) at 30°C for 48 h. Yeasts, molds and total Enterobacteria were respectively enumerated on: Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (Oxoid) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.1 g/L) at 25°C for 48 h; Potato Dextrose Agar (Oxoid) at 25°C for 48 h, and Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (Oxoid) at 37°C for 24 h.
To select the strains able to induce the highest increase of the antioxidant activity, fermented BSG was subjected to methanolic and aqueous extraction, and extracts were analyzed for the radical scavenging activity, total phenols, peptide, and free amino acids concentration as described in section “Antioxidant Activity.”

Verni M., Pontonio E., Krona A., Jacob S., Pinto D., Rinaldi F., Verardo V., Díaz-de-Cerio E., Coda R, & Rizzello C.G. (2020). Bioprocessing of Brewers’ Spent Grain Enhances Its Antioxidant Activity: Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Bioactive Peptides. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1831.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Microbial Enumeration in Food Samples

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The standard pour plate technique was employed to estimate TVC (total viable count), EBC (Enterobacteriaceae count), and ECC (E. coli count). A 25 g food sample was placed into 225 mL sterilised BPW (buffered peptone water) (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK). The setup was homogenised in a stomacher for 3 min. Serial dilutions up to 10⁻⁸ were prepared and plated in triplicates in nutrient agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK). For TVC and ECC, nutrient agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) and Brilliance E. coli/coliform agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used and plates were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. For EBC, violet-red bile glucose agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) was used and plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.

Torgby-Tetteh W., Krishnamoorthy S, & Buys E.M. (2023). Exploration of Infant Food Microbial Composition from Formal and Informal Settings Using Viable Counts and 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing in Johannesburg, South Africa. Foods, 12(19), 3596.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Enumeration of Microbial Populations in Silage

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Each silage samples (20.0 g) were blended in a Stomacher (Seward, UK) for 2 min with 180 mL of peptone water (0.2% Bacto peptone [w/v] with 0.01% Tween 80 [w/v]), and serial dilutions were prepared with the same peptone water. Total colony forming units (CFUs) of LAB, enterobacteria and fungi (i.e., yeasts and moulds) were enumerated after incubation at 28°C for three days on plates of Rogosa Agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK), Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (Oxoid, UK) and malt extract agar (MEA) (BD Difco, Sparks, MD, USA), respectively. Clostridial spores were counted on reinforced clostridial agar (Oxoid, UK) according to Jonsson [15 (link)]. Triplicates of each dilution series were made.

Zhou Y., Drouin P, & Lafrenière C. (2019). Effects on microbial diversity of fermentation temperature (10°C and 20°C), long-term storage at 5°C, and subsequent warming of corn silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(10), 1528-1539.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in Food

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

From 10⁻¹ serial dilution, 0.1 ml of aliquot was poured onto plates of violet red bile glucose agar (Oxoid) (g/l: peptone-source of nitrogen, 7.00 g; yeast extract, 3.00 g; agar, 12.00 g; glucose, 10.0g; sodium chloride, 5.00 g; bile salts, 1.50 g; neutral red-as dye, 0.03 g; Crystal Violet, 0.002 g; Distilled water, 1000 ml with final pH of 7.4 ± 0.2. Colonies were counted after the plates incubated under aerobic condition at 30–37 °C for 18–24 h and after which, pink to red purple colonies were considered as member of the family Enterobacteriaceae [19 ].

Tesfaye O., Desalegn A, & Muleta D. (2024). Melissopalynological analysis and microbiological safety of fresh and market honey (Apis mellifera L. and Meliponulabeccarii L.) from Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 10(7), e28185.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Quantification of Microbial Diversity in Samples

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For CS, 10 g of each particle size were homogenized in a Stomacher lab blender in a 90 mL sterile saline solution. The CSI was used directly. Decimal dilutions of both suspensions (CS and CSI recently prepared) were plated and incubated according to [15 (link)]: for determined lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in MRS agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) at 37 °C in anaerobiosis for 48 h, acetic acid bacteria (AAB) in GYC agar (20 g/L glucose, 10 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L CaCO₃, 15 g/L agar, 70 g/L ethanol, and 250 mg/L of fluconazole) at 30 °C for 72 h, Yeasts in YPD agar (Biolife, Italiana, Milan, Italy) added with 150 ppm chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, IT, Milan, Italy) at 30 °C for 24 h; molds in DG18 Agar (Oxoid) added with 150 ppm chloramphenicol at 30 °C for 96 h; total coliforms in Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) at 37 °C in anaerobiosis for 48 h. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria in plate count agar (PCA) at 30 °C for 48 h. The visible colony count at the end of the incubation period and the dilution factor were used to determine the number of microorganisms in the sample.

Delgado-Ospina J., Esposito L., Molina-Hernandez J.B., Pérez-Álvarez J.Á., Martuscelli M, & Chaves-López C. (2023). Cocoa Shell Infusion: A Promising Application for Added-Value Beverages Based on Cocoa’s Production Coproducts. Foods, 12(13), 2442.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Enumeration of Microbial Populations in Food Samples

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

After treatment, samples were opened aseptically, and the contents were transferred to a sterile stomacher bag (Interscience, St. Nom La Breteche, France). A 10⁻¹ dilution of the sample was prepared in maximum recovery diluent (Oxoid, CM733, Basingstoke, United Kingdom). The dilution was homogenized for 60 s at high speed in a Seward stomacher (Lab blender 400, Bury St. Edmunds, United Kingdom). Further 10-fold dilutions were prepared in 9 mL Maximum Recovery Diluent (MRD). Total viable counts (TVC) were enumerated by spread-plating onto tryptone soya agar with 0.6% yeast extract plates (TSAYE; Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom), with aerobic incubation at 30 °C for 48 h. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were enumerated on de Man Rogosa and Sharp agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) by pour-plating with overlay and incubating aerobically at 30 °C for 72 h. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated using Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) by pour-plating with overlay and incubating aerobically at 37 °C for 72 h. Yeasts and moulds (YM) were enumerated on Dextrose Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) with incubation at 25 °C for 72 and 120 h. Each sample was plated in duplicate, and the results were expressed as log colony-forming units (CFU)/g.

Campbell M., Ortuño J., Stratakos A.C., Linton M., Corcionivoschi N., Elliott T., Koidis A, & Theodoridou K. (2020). Impact of Thermal and High-Pressure Treatments on the Microbiological Quality and In Vitro Digestibility of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 10(4), 682.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!