The brains were carefully removed, rinsed with ice-cold saline and immediately fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin for 72 h. Samples were processed and dehydrated in serial grades of ethanol, cleared in xylene, then infiltrated and embedded into Paraplast plus tissue embedding media. Coronal brain sections were processed for paraffin embedding and 4 μm sections were cut by a rotatory microtome and mounted on glass slides. Sections were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined under a light microscope. Nissl staining was also performed to demonstrate degenerated and intact neurons in the hippocampus. Sections were stained with Cresyl violet dye (1% w/v in water) for 5 min, air dried at room temperature for 1 h and then briefly immersed in alcohol. The average number of intact neurons was quantified from six random non-overlapping fields in the hippocampus in Nissl-stained tissue sections for each sample. All morphological examinations, photographs as well as quantitative analysis were recorded using a Full HD microscopic camera operated by Leica Microsystems (GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
Full hd microscopic camera
Manufactured by Leica
Sourced in Germany
The Leica Full HD microscopic camera is a high-performance imaging device designed for professional microscopy applications. It captures detailed, high-resolution images and video at 1920 x 1080 full HD resolution. The camera features a CMOS sensor and advanced image processing technology to ensure accurate color representation and excellent image quality.
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8 protocols using full hd microscopic camera
1
Histological Analysis of Neurodegeneration
2
Histomorphometry Analysis of Intestinal Tissue
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On day 33, intestinal sections (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were collected from five birds from each group and flushed with 0.9% saline solution, then preserved, and fixed for 48 h in neutral buffered 10% formalin [19 (link)]. A rotatory microtome was used to prepare 3–4 μm paraffin wax sections, which were deparaffinized, stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and examined under a light microscope [20 ]. The histomorphometry of villus height and crypt depth was implemented by a high-power lens (X 400). Histomorphometry was done through a computerized microscopic image analyser linked to a full HD microscopic camera (Leica Microsystems, Germany).
3
Quantifying Intact Cells Using Toluidine Blue
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An intact cell count was performed using toluidine blue staining. Multiple fields per section were used for intact cell quantitation in the midbrains, striata, and substantia nigra in different groups. Glass slides were visualized using a Full HD microscopic camera operated by a Leica application module for tissue section analysis (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) (Ibrahim et al. 2021 (link)).
4
Histological Analysis of Rat Striatum
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Brains were carefully removed from three rats per group, rinsed with ice-cold saline, and immediately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 72 h. Sagittal brain sections were processed for paraffin embedding and 3–5 μm sections were prepared using a rotatory microtome. Afterward, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stains to examine the histological structure and cellular morphology of the striatum using light electric microscope.
Nissl staining was performed to demonstrate degenerated and intact neurons in the striatum. Sections were stained with toluidine blue stain for 3 min, air dried at room temperature for 1 h, and then shortly immersed in 70% alcohol. The average number of intact neurons was quantified from six random non-overlapping fields in different regions of the hippocampus in Nissl-stained tissue sections for each sample by using a Full HD microscopic camera operated by Leica Microsystems (GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
Nissl staining was performed to demonstrate degenerated and intact neurons in the striatum. Sections were stained with toluidine blue stain for 3 min, air dried at room temperature for 1 h, and then shortly immersed in 70% alcohol. The average number of intact neurons was quantified from six random non-overlapping fields in different regions of the hippocampus in Nissl-stained tissue sections for each sample by using a Full HD microscopic camera operated by Leica Microsystems (GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
5
Microglial Activation Analysis in Brain Tissue
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Unstained deparaffinized 5 μm-thick brain tissue sections were cut and processed with 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 min, washed by PBS, and incubated with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) primary antibody (Abcam, USA, Catalogue No. ab108539) overnight at 4 °C after 1:100 dilution. HRP performed complex and 3,3̀-diaminobenzidine (DAB) were used for detection of Iba+ microglia according to manufacturer’s instructions (Dako, Denmark). After washing by PBS, tissue slides were counter-stained with hematoxylin for microscopic analysis. Micrographs were captured by Full HD microscopic camera processed by Leica application module (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The immunohistochemical examination was performed by an experienced investigator who was blinded to samples’ identity to eliminate any bias in the results.
6
Histomorphometric Analysis of Avian Intestines
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The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from five birds per group were collected and flushed with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) to remove contents, then fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h for histological examination. After fixation, samples were dehydrated in ascending grades of ethyl alcohol, cleared in xylene, and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections of 3–4 μm in thickness were obtained by rotatory microtome, deparaffinized, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for examination under the light microscope [55 ].
H&E stained sections were used for the histomorphometry. Approximately five intestinal tissue sections were measured by a high-power lens (X 40). Parameters measured include villus height from the tip of the villus to the crypt and crypt depth from the base of the villi to the submucosa. A computerized microscopic image analyzer, attached to a full HD microscopic camera (Leica Microsystems, Germany), was used to determine the histomorphometric parameters using statistical analysis.
H&E stained sections were used for the histomorphometry. Approximately five intestinal tissue sections were measured by a high-power lens (X 40). Parameters measured include villus height from the tip of the villus to the crypt and crypt depth from the base of the villi to the submucosa. A computerized microscopic image analyzer, attached to a full HD microscopic camera (Leica Microsystems, Germany), was used to determine the histomorphometric parameters using statistical analysis.
7
Quantitative Microscopic Analysis of Pathological Lesions
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In some selected pathological lesions, five random high microscopic fields per tissue section were analyzed using a computer-aided microscopic image analyzer connected to a full HD microscopic camera (Leica Microsystems, Germany).
8
Brain Tissue Histological Processing
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We flushed the brain samples and fixed them in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 72 h. We trimmed and processed the samples in serial grades of alcohol and then cleared them in xylene. We filtered the samples and embedded them in paraplast tissue-embedding media. We cut 4-μm-thick coronal brain sections using a rotatory microtome. We stained the sections with H&E and then examined them through a Full HD microscopic camera operated by Leica application software (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
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