Sphingomyelin sm

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Sphingomyelin (SM) is a naturally occurring lipid molecule found in cell membranes. It is a component of the sphingolipid class of lipids. Sphingomyelin plays a structural role in cell membranes and is involved in various cellular processes.

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Sphingomyelin (21 citations)

5 protocols using sphingomyelin sm

Detailed Lipid Extraction and Analysis

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For lipid extraction, analytical reagent-grade methanol and chloroform were purchased from Bio-Lab Ltd. Laboratories (Jerusalem, Israel). For HPLC analysis, HPLC-grade dichloromethane was purchased from Merck Millipore Mercury (Darmstadt, Germany), analytical reagent-grade methanol was purchased from Bio-Lab, and ammonium hydroxide solution (ca. 25% NH₃) was purchased from Sigma (Rehovot, Israel). The Tg standard triolein (>99% pure) was purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA). Cholesterol (<99% pure) and phospholipid standards were supplied by Sigma Aldrich, the latter consisting of PE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, purity 99%), phosphatidyl inositol (PI) (L-α-phosphatidylinositol ammonium salt, from bovine liver, purity 98%), phosphatidylserine (PS) (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-L-serine sodium salt, purity 95%), PC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, purity 99%), and sphingomyelin (SM) (from bovine brain, purity 97%).

Cohen B.C., Shamay A, & Argov-Argaman N. (2015). Regulation of Lipid Droplet Size in Mammary Epithelial Cells by Remodeling of Membrane Lipid Composition—A Potential Mechanism. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0121645.

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Lipid-Induced Fluorescent Probes Quantification

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SYTOX-Green, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and MitoSOX Red were purchased from Molecular Probes Inc., (Eugene, OR, USA). Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Ergosterol (Erg), cholesterol (CH), and sphingomyelin (SM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). FAM N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester was purchased from BioActs (Incheon, Korea). All other reagents were of analytical grade.

Kim J.Y., Park S.C., Noh G., Kim H., Yoo S.H., Kim I.R., Lee J.R, & Jang M.K. (2020). Antifungal Effect of A Chimeric Peptide Hn-Mc against Pathogenic Fungal Strains. Antibiotics, 9(8), 454.

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Lipid Dissolution and Aqueous Preparation

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Asolectin (Aso) from soybean, lysenin, Sphingomyelin (SM) and Cholesterol (Chol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Avanti Polar Lipids. Other chemicals were purchased commercially and used without further purification. The lipids were dissolved in n-decane, and deionized water was used for aqueous solutions.

Faouri R.A., Krueger E., Govind Kumar V., Fologea D., Straub D., Alismail H., Alfaori Q., Kight A., Ray J., Henry R., Moradi M, & Salamo G. (2019). An Effective Electric Dipole Model for Voltage-induced Gating Mechanism of Lysenin. Scientific Reports, 9, 11440.

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Lipid Profiling via 31P NMR

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Lipids: Most phospholipid standards used for signal assignment in the ³¹P NMR experiments, except sphingomyelin (SM) from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL) as summarized in Appendix S1. Detergents: Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium cholate hydrate used to dissolve lipids in water for ³¹P NMR measurements were from Bioshop Canada (Burlington, ON) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), respectively. Buffer: 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) hydrate used to prepare the buffered SDS or cholate micellar solution was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and cesium hydroxide hydrate, or cesium hydroxide solution used to prepare Cs-EDTA aqueous solution to homogenize the mouse hearts were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). An antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Solvent: Methanol (HPLC grade) and chloroform (HPLC grade) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). NMR solvent deuterium oxide (99.9 atom%D) was from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA).

Kimura T., Kimura A.K., Ren M., Berno B., Xu Y., Schlame M, & Epand R.M. (2018). Substantial Decrease in Plasmalogen in the Heart Associated with Tafazzin Deficiency. Biochemistry, 57(14), 2162-2175.

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Lipid-based nanoparticle delivery of small molecules

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Resveratrol was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) and DOPE-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-yl) (NBD-DOPE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Alaska). Sphingomyelin (SM) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, Missouri). Stearylated S2 peptide (STR-S2, stearylated (Dimethyl-Tyr)-(D-Arg)-(Phe)-(Lys)-(Dimethyl-Tyr)-(D-Arg)-(Phe)-(Lys)-NH2) was obtained from the Toray Research Center, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Cholesteryl RP aptamer (Chol-RP, cholesteryl 5′-CUCCCUGAGCUUCAGG-3′) was purchased from Greiner bio-one (Tokyo, Japan). Dihydroethidium (DHE), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium F-12 (DMEM F-12), fetal bovine serum (FBS), MitoTracker^® Deep Red FM and Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Life Sciences (Waltham, Massachusetts). Hoechst 33342 was purchased Dojindo molecular Technologies, Inc. (Kumamoto, Japan). All other chemicals used were commercially available, reagent grade products.

Sasaki D., Abe J., Takeda A., Harashima H, & Yamada Y. (2022). Transplantation of MITO cells, mitochondria activated cardiac progenitor cells, to the ischemic myocardium of mouse enhances the therapeutic effect. Scientific Reports, 12, 4344.

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