Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), chloroform, toluene, dioxane, dichloromethylene (DCM), acetic acid, and vancomycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Marine broth was obtained from MB Cell (Seoul, Korea). Nutrient broth, brain heart infusion (BHI), peptone, yeast extract, and agar were from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Sparks, MD, USA). Glucose was from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan) to prepare the GPYA (Glucose-peptone-yeast extract-agar) medium.
Glucose
Manufactured by Junsei
Sourced in Japan
Glucose is a type of lab equipment used to measure the concentration of glucose in a sample. It is a fundamental tool in various scientific and medical applications where accurate glucose monitoring is required.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Yeast extract, by BD (5 mentions)
Glutamax, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Maltose, by Junsei (2 mentions)
Trace elements for culture medium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N methyl n trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide tms, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nutrient broth, by BD (2 mentions)
Malt extract, by BD (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Agar powder, by Junsei (2 mentions)
Seahorse bioscience xf 24 analyzer, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Xf24 cell culture microplate, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
Minimal dmem, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N methyl pyrrolidone (nmp), by Daejung Chemicals (2 mentions)
Peptone, by BD (2 mentions)
Ripa buffer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Pierce bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Anti β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Anti pparα, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
17 protocols using glucose
1
Microbial Cultivation with Analytical Reagents
2
Molecular Markers in Metabolic Regulation
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The following antibodies were used: anti-β-actin (Santa Cruz, sc-47778, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Sigma, A1978,St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-phspho AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) (Cell Signaling Technology, 2535S, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-AMPK (Cell Signaling Technology, 2532S, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-PPAR-α (Santa Cruz, sc-398394, San Francisco, CA, USA), and anti-myeloperoxidase (Invitrogen, PA5-16672, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA). The following chemicals were used: vitamin C (DUKSAN, 832, Ansan, Korea), fructose (SANCHUN, F0366, Yeosu, Korea), and glucose (JUNSEI, 64220S0601, Tokyo, Japan).
3
HPLC Analysis of Organic Acids and Sugars
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To conduct high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, a 5 mL sample was centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 10 min and the supernatant was filtered using 0.2 μm filters (Whatman, United Kingdom). Organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid) were measured using HPLC 1260 Infinity (Agilent Technologies, United States) with Aminex HPX-87H column (300 × 7.8 mm; BioRad, CA, United States) under the operation setting: 0.008N H2SO4 in water as mobile phase, 20 μL of sample injection volume and 0.6 mL/min of flow rate. Sugars (glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetrose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose) were measured using HPLC Acme 9000 (Younglin, South Korea) with VN-50 4D column (150 × 4.6 mm; Shodex, Japan) under the operation setting: 67% acetonitrile (v/v) as mobile phase, 10 μL of sample injection volume and 0.3 mL/min of flow rate. Organic acids and sugars were detected using UV (215 nm) and RI detectors, respectively. Lactic acid, acetic acid (Wako, Japan), glucose, maltose (Junsei, Japan), maltotriose, maltotetrose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose (TCI, Japan) were used as standards.
4
Lipid Extraction and Derivatization Protocol
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Ricinoleic acid and palmitic acid were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co (Tokyo, Japan). Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemical Co. (Ansan, Republic of Korea). Glucose was purchased from Junsei Chemical Co (Tokyo, Japan). Antibiotics, trace elements for culture medium, and Tween80 were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (TMS) was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. (Tokyo, Japan).
5
C. perfringens Isolation from Meat
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C. perfringens stains TYJAM-D-66, CMM-C-80, and SDE-B-202 (Table 2 ) used in this study were isolated from meat collected from a school cafeteria [6 (link)]. The C. perfringens strains were cultured in TGY broth containing 3% trypticase (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), 2% glucose (Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), 1% yeast extract (Becton Dickinson and Company, BD, Sparks, MD, USA), and 0.1% L-cysteine (Junsei Chemical Co.), overnight at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions.
6
Bacterial Secondary Metabolite Extraction
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Methanol, water, and acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Yeast extract, malt extract, and nutrient broth (NB) were purchased from Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Agar powder, calcium carbonate, and glucose were purchased from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). glucose/soybean meal/sodium chloride (GSS) broth was purchased from MB Cell (Seoul, Korea). 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Ontario, Canada) as a positive control. Formic acid and oxytetracycline hydrochloride and standard compounds were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. (St. Louis, MO, USA)
7
Measuring Metabolic Profiles of Colonic MSCs
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Primary cultured colonic MSCs were seeded at 4 × 104 cells per well in XF24 cell culture microplates (Agilent Technologies) and cultured in MSC culture medium overnight. One hour before measurement, culture medium was replaced with OCR assay medium (minimal DMEM [Sigma-Aldrich] and supplemented with 20 mmol/L glucose [Junsei Chemical, Tokyo, Japan], 2 mmol/L GlutaMax [Gibco], and 5 mmol/L pyruvate [Sigma-Aldrich]) or ECAR assay medium (minimal DMEM and supplemented with 2 mmol/L GlutaMax) in the 37°C non-CO2 incubator. The Seahorse Bioscience XF24 analyzer (Agilent Technologies) was used to measure OCR and ECAR. For OCR measurements, 1 μmol/L oligomycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 μmol/L FCCP (Sigma-Aldrich), and 1 μmol/L rotenone and antimycin (Sigma-Aldrich) were injected.. For ECAR measurements, 10 mmol/L glucose, 2 μmol/L oligomycin, and 50 mmol/L 2-deoxy-D-glucose (Sigma-Aldrich) were injected. The parameters of glycolytic function, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve, and non-glycolytic acidification were calculated using Seahorse Wave software V2.6.
8
Antibody-Based Metabolic Regulation Analysis
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The following antibodies were used: antieb-actin (A1978; Sigma, St. Louis, MO; and sc-47778; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), anti-SMP30 (SML-RO1001-EX; COSMOBIO CO, LTD, Tokyo, Japan), antiephosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; 2535S; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), anti-AMPK (2532S; Cell Signaling Technology), antieperoxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-a (PPAR-a; sc-398394; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), antiesterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c; ab28481; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and antiefatty acid synthase (FAS; sc-48357; Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The following chemicals were used: oleic acid (OA; O1008; Sigma, Steinheim, Germany), bovine serum albumin (10735078001; Roche, Basel, Switzerland), vitamin C (832; DUKSAN, Ansan, Republic of Korea), cholesterol (C8667; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), fructose (F0366; SANCHUN, Yeosu, Republic of Korea), and glucose (64220S0601; JUNSEI, Tokyo, Japan).
9
Lithium-Sulfur Battery Components Preparation
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Melamine (99%), cyanuric acid (98%), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL, 99.8%), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, 99.5%), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI, 99.5%), and sulfur (99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Lithium sulfide (Li2S, 99.9%), lithium nitrate (LiNO3, 99.99%), and lithium metal (99.9%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP, 99.0%, DAEJUNG Co., Siheung, Korea), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF, MTI Co., Richmond, CA, USA), Super P (Timcal Co., Bodio, Switzerland), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.5%, DAEJUNG Co., Siheung, Korea), glucose (98%, JUNSEI Co., Tokyo, Japan), and ethanol (94.5%, DAEJUNG Co., Siheung, Korea) were also used. All the reagents were purchased commercially and used without purification.
10
Rainwater as Anolyte for Microbial Growth
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The rainwater (without pretreatment) was used as anolyte without additives, and with Nutrient Broth media (1 : 1 ratio v/v) which contains (for 1 l), 15 g of peptone (Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.), 3 g of yeast extract (Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.), 1 g of glucose (Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 6 g of sodium chloride (Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.), for comparison purposes.
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