Filipin

The HepG2 cell line, the Caco-2 cell line, filipin, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, penicillin/streptomycin (batch number PWL062), and the BCA protein quantification kit (batch number MA0082-2) were purchased from Meilun Bio., Dalian, China; fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco, Billings, MT, USA; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, lot number D8371) and the cell viability CCK-8 kit (lot number MA0718-L) were purchased from the Biyuntian Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China. NBD-cholesterol was purchased from Bailingwei, Beijing, China; PTL, mevalonate, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CDX) were purchased from Sigma, New York, NY, USA; lovastatin and cholesterol were purchased from Macklin, Shanghai, China; defatted fetal bovine serum (LPDS) was purchased from Biological Industries, Israel.

The helper lipid DOPE was ordered from Avanti Polar Lipids. The Laurdan reagent and chloropromazine (CPZ) were purchased from Macklin Inc. Filipin was purchased from Meilunbio. CH₃I and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) were purchased from Aladdin. Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo2K) was from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Triton X-100, fetal bovine serum, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (high glucose), and RNase A were purchased from Sangon Biotech. One-Lumi Firefly Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay Kit, fluorescent probes DiD, ACK lysis buffer, and Ultrapure Water (BeyoPure, DNase/RNase-Free, Sterile) were from Beyotime Biotechnology. CD31-FITC and CD45-PE antibodies were ordered from BioLegend. Firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mRNA were from APExBIO. The purity of mRNA was determined by absorbance at 260 and 280 nm and by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. DNase I and collagenase D were purchased from Solarbio. Cy5-labelled oligo(dT)₁₇ was obtained from Genscript. Other chemical reagents in their analytic grades were used throughout without further purification.