Mt 24ex macro twin lite flash

Terminology used for most morphological characters follows Chen & Van Achterberg (1997) and Stigenberg, Boring & Ronquist (2015) (link). However, wing venation terminology follows Sharkey & Wharton (1997) . Specimens were photographed using a Canon 7D Mark II with a Mitutoyo M Plan Apo 10× objective mounted onto the Canon EF Telephoto 70–200 mm zoom lens, and the Canon MT–24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash (Tokyo, Japan) with custom-made diffusers to minimize hot spots.

The type material of the new species described in this paper is deposited in the Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC). The text of the specimen label is quoted verbatim in quotation marks (‘’).
Male genital parts (tergite and sternite VIII, and aedeagus) were dissected, and are preserved in Euparal on a plastic slide pinned beneath the specimen. The habitus images were taken using a Canon 5D Mark III camera in conjunction with a Canon MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1–5× Macro Lens, and a Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash was used as the light source. Images of the external characters were taken using a Leica DMC5400 color CMOS camera in conjunction with a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope. Images of the aedeagi were produced using a Canon G9 camera mounted to an Olympus CX31 microscope under transmitted light. Zerene Stacker (version 1.04) was used for image stacking. Line drawings were made using Adobe Illustrator CC 2018. All images were optimized and grouped into plates using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018.
The abdominal tergites and sternites are numbered following Chandler (2001) in Arabic (starting from the first visible segment) and Roman (reflecting true morphological position) numerals, e.g., tergite 1 (IV), or sternite 1 (III).

The type series is deposited in the Insect Collection of the Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC), and the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS). The collecting data of the material are quoted verbatim; information not included on the label is placed in parentheses. Following Chandler (2001) , the abdominal tergites and sternites are given Arabic numerals for visible sclerites, and Roman numerals indicate the morphological position. Habitus image (Fig. 1A) was taken using a Canon 5D Mark III camera in conjunction with a Canon MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1–5× Macro Lens, and a Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash was used as light source. Images of the morphological details (Fig. 1B–G) were produced using a Canon G9 camera mounted on an Olympus CX31 microscope under transmitted or reflected light. Zerene Stacker version 1.04 was used for image stacking. All images were edited and grouped in Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended.

After acoustic assays were completed, each specimen was euthanized in a freezer (- 20 °C) for 24 h. Afterwards, the specimens were thawed and then field pinned. Each specimen was pinned on top of an 18% grey card and the wings were spread and pinned in place with insect pins. A metric photographic scale (1 mm increments) was placed next to each specimen. We photographed the dorsal and ventral sides of each specimen using a Canon XTi DSLR (10.1 MP; RAW image format; shutter speed: 1/250 s) with Canon EF-S 60 mm Macro Lens (manual aperture of f/11) and a Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash for illumination. Once photographs were taken, we removed the legs, antennae, proboscis, abdomen, and wings and placed each into separate 1.5 mL tubes filled with 95% EtOH or glassine envelopes. The thorax and head were then placed into their own 1.5 mL tube filled with 95% EtOH. All tissues were stored at - 80 °C and are currently archived at the Milwaukee Public Museum.

Descriptions of the species have been made under a Leica M125 Stereoscope, with lighting achieved through a Leica LED5000 SLI - Spotlight illumination with 2 HiPower LEDs and a Leica TL5000 Transmitted Light Base with Rottermann Contrast TM, brightfield and two sided darkfield. For images, 75-150 stacked photographs were produced by a Canon 7D Mark II (Canon USA, Melville, NY), with a Mitutoyo M Plan Apo 10x objective mounted onto the Canon EF Telephoto 70 – 200mm zoom lens, which was mounted on a Stackshot Automated Focus Stacking Macro Rail (Cognysis Inc., Traverse City, MI). The Canon MT–24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash with custom made diffusers was used to minimize hot spots. Images were processed using Zerene Stacker (Zerene Systems LLC., Richland, VA) and plates were finished with Adobe Illustrator CC. Pictures of slide-mounted wings were taken using a Leica ICC50W camera.
Morphological nomenclature follows Gibson et al. (1997) , Yoder et al. (2010) (link), and Hymenoptera Anatomy Consortium (2016) . The identification key is modified from the key to subgenera and species of the genus Euderus in Yoshimoto (1971) .
Type material is deposited in the

American Museum of Natural History

(AMNH) (Curator: Dr. James Carpenter; Collection Assistant: Christine LeBeau). AMNH specimen identification codes: Holotype - AMNH_IZC 00238642; 8 paratypes - AMNH_IZC 00238643 – 00238650.

Specimens were spread for morphological comparison before molecular analysis based on habitus. The male and female forewing lengths were measured to 0.5 mm precision using a ruler. The whole abdomen was removed and placed into a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube and treated with 1 mL 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 1 h at 70 °C to digest the soft tissue. The treated abdomen was then neutralized with 2% acetic acid and dissected in a water-filled Petri dish under a stereomicroscope to remove residual tissues, scales, and hair. The genitalia were transferred to 80% glycerol for 12 h to render them transparent.
Habitus images were taken using a Canon 7D camera in conjunction with a Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1–5X Macro Lens and a Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash as a light source. Images of the genitalia were taken using a Canon G9 camera mounted on an Olympus CX31 microscope under reflection or transmission lighting. Zerene Stacker (version 1.04) was used for image stacking. All images were further adjusted and annotated using Adobe Photoshop CS6. The dissected genital structures were stored in pure glycerol in a plastic centrifuge tube and labelled with detailed information of the specimens.

The material used in this paper is housed in the Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC). The text of the specimen labels is quoted verbatim, with original Chinese names listed in parentheses.
Dissected parts were preserved in Euparal on plastic slides that were placed on the same pins as the respective specimens. The habitus images were taken using a Canon 5D Mark III camera with a Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1–5X Macro Lens, and a Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash used as the light source. Images of the morphological details were produced using a Canon G9 camera mounted to an Olympus CX31 microscope under transmitted light. Zerene Stacker (version 1.04) was used for image stacking. All images were modified and grouped into plates in Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended.
The abdominal tergites and sternites are numbered following Chandler (2001) in Arabic (starting from the first visible segment) and Roman (reflecting true morphological position) numerals, e.g., tergite 1 (IV), or sternite 7 (IX).