Esomeprazole

This was a randomized, parallel-group study. Three hundred and sixty H. pylori-infected patients were recruited in the study and randomly assigned by a computer program into two groups: standard quadruple therapy group (Group A) and quadruple therapy plus S. bouladii (Group B). Computer-generated randomization assignments were centralized using the block randomization method (block size of 8) by a data manager who was not involved in the data analysis or patient enrollment. Patients assigned to Group A received esomeprazole (AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical, Co. Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom) 20 mg two times a day (bid); amoxicillin (Baker Norton Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Kunming, China) 1.0 g bid; clarithromycin (Abbott Laboratories Ltd., Shanghai, China) 500 mg bid; and Bismuth Potassium Citrate (Livzon Pharmaceutical Group, Inc., Zhuhai, China) 600 mg bid for 14 days. Patients assigned to Group B received the same quadruple therapy for 14 days, Additionally, S. boulardii sachets (Laboratories Biocodex, Inc., France) of 500 mg was given a bid to Group B for 14 days. Serious diarrhea patients (mushy stools or watery stools > two times a day) were additionally given montmorillonite powder 3 g tid. Considering the high resistance rate of metronidazole in the Center China population, we took amoxicillin and clarithromycin as our antibiotic choice (9 (link), 39 (link)).

In order to simulate anchorage-independent growth conditions, we performed two different tests culturing melanoma cells in dishes coated with agarose or rocking the cells in tubes.
Culture dishes were coated with 1.5 % agarose (Promega, San Luis Obispo, California).
5x10⁴ cells were plated in agarose-coated petri dishes in complete medium and after 5 days colonies were counted. At the end of the experiments, cells from colonies were centrifuged and used for western blot analysis, invasion assay, and Wound Healing Assay.
In rocking test, 5x10⁴ cells were left rocking in tubes on the Mini Rocker Shaker (Biosan), at room temperature in Dulbecco's D-Mem Nutrient mix F12 (DME/F12-HEPES EuroClone, MI, Italy). In some experiment cells were treated with esomeprazole (Astra Zeneca, Sweden) and everolimus (MedChemExpress, Stockholm Sweden) during the rocking period. After 48h of rocking, cells were centrifuged, counted, and used for western blot analysis, invasion assay, and Wound Healing Assay.

An endoscope (GIF-Q260J; Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), injection needle (Olympus NM-200L-423; Olympus), histoacryl blue (Beijing Fu’aile Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), and lauromacrogol (Tianyu Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang, China) were used for EVO treatment employing the sandwich technique. Histoacryl glue (0.5 mL) with lauromacrogol (2 mL) was injected into the GV before and after tissue adhesive injection. The injection was stopped when the varices became engorged. Reinjection was performed in any residual GV while maintaining blood flow (depressive at palpation with the catheter) every 3 to 4 weeks until eradication. After EVO of GV, EBL was performed for concomitant EV.
To hasten the healing of ulcers induced by endoscopic therapy, a proton pump inhibitor and protective agent for the gastric mucosa were routinely administered to patients in both groups. After each endoscopic treatment session, the patients received esomeprazole 40 mg (AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuxi, China) once daily via intravenous injection, and teprenone 50 mg (Weicai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China) 3 times per day after meals.