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18 protocols using horse serum

1

Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts into Myotubes

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Mouse C2C12 myoblasts were purchased from Cyagen Biosciences, Inc. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), PUMC-HUVEC-T1, were kindly provided by the Molecular Biology Laboratory of PLA General Hospital (purchased from the National Experimental Cell Resource Sharing Platform). C2C12 myoblasts and PUMC-HUVEC-T1 cells were maintained in DMEM high sugar culture medium (Hyclone; Cytiva) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 U/ml streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37˚C, 5% CO2. To induce myotube formation, C2C12 myoblasts with 60-80% confluence were seeded in DMEM differentiation medium containing 2% horse serum (Cytiva), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 U/ml streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37˚C for 5 days (19 (link)). The success of differentiation was validated by Giemsa staining of myotubes (cat. no. G4507; Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA) and western blotting using anti-myosin heavy chain antibody (cat. no. sc-53095, 1:1,000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
For Giemsa staining, cells were fixed in 100% methanol at room temperature (RT) for 10 min. After air dry, Giemsa stain was added and stained for 30 min at RT. After rinsing with deionized water, cells were examined at x20 magnification under a light microscope (DP73; Olympus Corporation).
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2

Derivation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

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Bone marrow cells (BMs) were flushed from humerus, femur and tibia of 6-8 weeks old C57BL/6 mice. To obtain BMDMs, BMs were cultured in tissue culture non-treated petri dish (Hycon, Thailand) with 8 ml of DMEM complete media (Cytiva, UK) supplemented with 10% (v/v) Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (Gibco, USA), 10 mM HEPES (Cytiva), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Cytiva) and 1x Penicillin/Streptomycin G (Cytiva), supplemented with 5% (v/v) horse serum (Cytiva), and 20% (v/v) L929-conditioned media. On day 4, three ml of fresh media supplemented with 20% L929-conditioned media and 5% horse serum was added to the culture. Cells were harvested on day 7 using ice-cold PBS. Macrophage phenotype was confirmed by flow cytometry by staining using mouse anti-F4/80 and CD11b antibodies (BioLegend, USA). The derived BMDMs were seeded at 5×104 cells/well in 200 µl of DMEM complete media without horse serum and L929-conditioned media in 96-well plate before transfection.
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3

Neuronal Differentiation of PC-12 Cells

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PC-12 is a classic neuronal cell line. Studies have suggested that NGF can induce PC-12 cell differentiation (26-28 (link)). Thus, undifferentiated PC12 cells (The Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (cat. no. SH30809.018; Hyclone; Cytiva) supplemented with 10% horse serum (cat. no. 26050088; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 5% FBS, and were treated with 10, 50 and 100 ng/ml NGF cell supernatants from NGF-overexpressing MDA-MB231 cells at 37˚C. NGF was obtained from the supernatants of NGF-overexpressing cells and the concentrations were confirmed by ELISA (Human NGF/NGF-β ELISA kit; cat. no. EK0469; Boster Biological Technology). NGF-β standards was used to establish the standard curve. The cell number and axon length were calculated by fluorescence microscopy (NIKON Ti-s inverted fluorescence microscope; Nikon Corporation); 250 cells from five fields of vision (n=50) were analyzed.
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4

Cell Culture and Virus Propagation

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A549 cells U2OS cells (Gifts from Dr. Renjin Chen, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China) were maintained in DMEM (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA). MDBK cells (Purchased from Chinese model culture preservation center, Shanghai, China) were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% horse serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA). BoHV-1 (Colorado1 stain) was propagated in MDBK cells. Aliquots of virus stocks were stored at −70 °C until use.
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5

BoHV-1 Virus Inactivation Protocol

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MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells (kindly provided by Dr. Leonard J. Bello, University of Pennsylvania) were maintained in DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% horse serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA). BoHV-1 of Colorado1 stain (kindly provided by Dr. Leonard J. Bello, University of Pennsylvania) was propagated in MDBK cells. Aliquots of virus stocks were stored at −70 °C until use. The inactivation of the BoHV-1 virus with UV (ultraviolet) irradiation was performed as previously described [25 (link)]. Complete inactivation of the virus was characterized by plaque assay in MDBK cells.
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6

T-cell Leukemia and Lymphoma Cell Line Cultivation

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The human T cell leukemia cell line Jurkat (clone E6-1) cells were obtained from the American Typing Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Human T lymphoblastic leukemia Molt4-Bcl2 and Molt4-hyg, derived through stable transfection of the expression vector pMEP with and without full length murine Bcl2, respectively, were provided by Dr. Y.A. Hannun (Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC) [29 (link)]. DEL, an ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, was obtained from Dr. S. Mathas (Medical University, Berlin, Germany). Fibrosarcoma Ht1080 and Ht1080mut containing wild type p53 and mutant p53 were obtained from Dr. A. Merrick, NIEHS. All cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals, Atlanta, GA), 2 mM L-glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin (Gibco). The T-cell hybridoma cell line DO11.10 was provided by Dr. B.A. Osborne (University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA) and grown in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% horse serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT). Farnesol was dissolved in DMSO and cells were treated with farnesol at the concentrations indicated or with vehicle control (0.1% DMSO final concentration).
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7

Differentiation of Stem Cells

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, high glucose), penicillin and streptomycin (PS) were purchased from Welgene (Dalseogu, Daegu, Korea), whereas fetal bovine serum (FBS) and horse serum are respectively from hyclone laboratories Inc (Logan, UT, USA) from Gibco Technologies Inc (Grand Island, NY, USA). Retinoic acid, linolenic acid (LA), dexamethasone, insulin, biotin, ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, ascorbic acid, paraformaldehyde, hematoxyline, eosin, Triton X-100, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) and fluoromount aqueous mounting media were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Further, primary and secondary antibodies of both Donkey anti-goat immunoglobulin labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (IgG-FITC) and donkey anti-goat IgG-biotinylated were purchased from Santacruz biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA) and primers from Macrogen.
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8

BoHV-1 Propagation in MDBK Cells

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MDBK cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco BRL) containing 10% horse serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA). BoHV-1 (Colorado1 stain) was propagated in MDBK cells. Aliquots of the virus stocks were tittered in MDBK cells and stored at −80°C.
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9

C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation Protocol

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C2C12 myoblasts (CRL-1772; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; both from HyClone Laboratories, Inc., Logan, UT, USA) at 37°C with 5% CO2. To induce myogenic differentiation, the cells were plated on tissue culture plates and grown to 95% confluence before switching to differentiation medium (DM) (DMEM and 2% horse serum; HyClone Laboratories, Inc.). The cells were replenished with fresh DM every other day until day 5.
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10

Inactivation of BoHV-1 Virus by UV Irradiation

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MDBK cells and RS-1 cells were maintained in DMEM (Gibco BRL) supplemented with 10% horse serum and fetal bovine serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA), respectively. BoHV-1 (Colorado1 stain) was propagated in MDBK cells. Aliquots of virus stocks were stored at −70 °C until use. The virus was titrated in MDBK cells with results expressed as TCID50/mL calculated using the Reed-Muench formula.
To inactivate BoHV-1 virus with UV-irradiation, virus stock was dispersed into 100-mm tissue culture dishes, and directly placed under a UV lamp (20 W) for 30 min. Complete inactivation of the virus was confirmed by the fact that no plaque was produced in MDBK cells exposed to the UV treated virus for 48 h.
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