The young green shoots of the bryophyte sample were chosen, excluding the lower part, usually dried up or brown in color. The plant sample was cleaned from the substrate, and other species intermingled together under a stereomicroscope. The sampling of volatiles was carried out using the dynamic headspace technique. Each species was placed on damp cotton in an enclosed glass jar (11 cm × 10 cm). Incoming air was purified by activated charcoal (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), and outgoing air was trapped on 150 mg Tenax® TA (60–80 mesh; Sigma-Aldrich) that was connected to a vacuum pump (Rocker430, New Taipei City, Taiwan) at a flow rate of 2 L/min. Volatiles were collected for 24 h. Bryophyte volatiles were extracted by eluting the Tenax® TA with 1 mL hexane, containing 5 pg/µL of benzyl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich) as internal standard. For control, volatiles were also collected from a glass jar containing damp cotton.
Tenax ta
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Tenax TA is a porous polymer adsorbent material used in various analytical techniques. It is designed to trap and concentrate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas samples. Tenax TA provides a high surface area and good thermal stability, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry and environmental monitoring.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Carbotrap, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carbotrap b, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Turbomatrix atd, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Diisobutyl phthalate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diisononyl phthalate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzophenone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 6 di tert butyl 4 methylphenol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diisobutyl phthalate 3 4 5 6 d 4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bis 2 ethylhexyl adipate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzyl acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Activated charcoal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silica gel, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clarus 600 gc ms system, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
15 protocols using tenax ta
1
Bryophyte Volatile Organic Compound Profiling
2
Wearable Environmental Sampler with Micro-Fabricated Pre-Concentrator
3
Headspace Volatile Collection and Analysis
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Immediately after the bioassay in the wind tunnel, each plant was used for the collection of head-space volatiles by an airtight entrainment system. The system consisted of a bell jar containing a single potted plant and the jar was connected to a circulation pump forcing the air in an adsorbent trap made of Tenax TA, 60–80 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich). Each collection lasted 3 h under controlled conditions (24 ± 2°C, 18/6 h light/dark photoperiod, 70 ± 10% relative humidity, 700 μmol m 2 s 1 PPFD). Collected volatiles were analyzed by an integrated system including thermal desorber (Tekmar TD-800) mounted on a gas chromatograph (column: RTX-200, 60 m, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 μm, carrier gas: He) coupled to a mass spectrometer detector. The resulting peaks were compared with a compound database library (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and the following available authentic standards: anisole-p-allyl, camphor, 3-carene, (E)-β-caryophyllene, chlorobenzene, α-copaene, α-cubebene, p-cymene, decane, p-dichlorobenzene, dodecene, eucalyptol, eugenol, (E)-β-farnesene, α-gurjunene, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, humulene (=α-caryophyllene), (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)-limonene, linalool, (+)-longifolene, menthol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, methyl salicylate, b-myrcene, (Z)-nerolidol,(E)-β-ocimene, (R)-(-)-α-phellandrene, α-pinene, skatol, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol, and terpinolene.
4
Volatile Organic Compound Collection
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24 h after exposure (day 1 post infection) and every 24 h thereafter, the whole body VOCs were collected into 10 L ALTEF gas sampling bags (Restek). Specifically, on the inflow of a vacuum pump, a tube with a disposable pipette tip was connected to a disposable HEPA filter. On the outflow of the same pump, the gas sampling bag was connected. The mice cages were brought one at a time into the biohood and the whole body VOCs were collected into the gas sampling bag. Following the collection, the cages were returned to the racks. The contents of the bag were then purged into a previously preconditioned 100 mg Tenax TA (Sigma) Thermal Desorption tube (SIS, Ringoes, NJ). The Thermal Desorption tube was then sealed with airtight stainless steel caps and analyzed.
5
Volatile and Whole-Body Extractions
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Airborne volatile collections were done in all-glass chambers by passing clean air (as described above), trapping volatile compounds on Tenax TA (30–60 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich), and extracting them with hexane or pentane. Whole body extractions were obtained by washing with hexane for 3 min batches of 1,000–5,000 virgin males and female. The solvent was then transferred to a clean vial, a small aliquot of hexane was added, the solvent transferred, and the last step was repeated one more time. The combined volume of the three washes was adjusted to generate male and female extracts with equal number of insect-equivalents per volume (typically 1 or 4 insect-equivalents per µl). Crude extracts (3,000 female- or 3,000 male-equivalents) were subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel (60–200 mesh; Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, US) by successively eluting with hexane-ether mixtures in the following order: 100:0 (hexane fraction), 95:5 (5% fraction), 80:20, 50:50, 0:100 (ether fraction). Crude extracts and fractions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS for comparison of male and female profiles.
6
Tenax TA Packed Bed Separation Protocol
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The separation column is a packed bed of 150 mg Tenax TA (poly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide), 60–80 mesh, ~35 m2 g−1, Sigma Aldrich) packed inside a Teflon tube (4 mm inner diameter) and secured on both ends with silanized glass wool plugs and tension springs. Freshly prepared columns were flushed overnight with 100 mL min−1 synthetic air (PanGas, CnHm and NOx ≤ 0.1 ppm, Switzerland) at 50% RH to desorb impurities that might be adsorbed on the Tenax.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the sensing film and the Tenax TA particle surface were made with a Hitachi S-4800 operated at 3 kV.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the sensing film and the Tenax TA particle surface were made with a Hitachi S-4800 operated at 3 kV.
7
Floral Scent Characterization of C. maranhense
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Floral scent samples of C. maranhense were collected using dynamic headspace methods for two purposes: (1) to chemically characterise its scent bouquet and (2) to compare scent traits (i.e., chemical composition and total amount) in female and male flowers. Single male (n = 8) and female (n = 5) flowers, each from a different individual were individually enclosed with polyester bags (Toppits®, Minden, Germany), and the scented air was drawn for 3 min through an adsorbent filter (ChromatoProbe quartz micro vials; 15 mm × 2 mm i.d.; containing 1.5 mg Tenax-TA (mesh 60–80, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) and 1.5 mg Carbotrap (mesh 20–40, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA); fixed using glass wool). The adsorbent filter was connected to a membrane pump (G12/01 EB, Rietschle Thomas, Puchheim, Germany) using silicone tubing. The pump worked at a constant flow rate of 200 mL/min. All samples were collected around 09:00 a.m., which was the time of highest scent emission as perceived by the human nose. The number of samples per sex depended on the availability of flowering individuals. To detect environmental contaminants, negative controls (empty bags) were collected simultaneously at a distance of ca. 2 m from the target inflorescence using the same methods described above. The samples were kept in the freezer at −20 °C until the chemical analyses.
8
Sampling Volatile Organic Compounds from Flowers
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Volatiles emitted by flowers were sampled from six out of the ten studied populations during the flowering season in 2012, from a total of 16 individuals (see Table 1 for sampling details). In the field, we selected intact plants and flowers and sampled their volatiles using a dynamic headspace method. A stem bearing three freshly opened flowers was enclosed in a polyacetate bag (19×19×24 cm) soon after dusk (18.00–19.00 h), after which the air was pumped out from the bag for 60 min at 200 mL/min through a quartz tube (15 mm long; 2 mm diameter) containing a 1∶1 mixture of 3 mg Tenax-TA (mesh 60–80, Supelco) and Carbotrap (mesh 20–40, Supelco) using a portable membrane pump (Spectrex PAS-500). A negative control was obtained repeating the same procedure with a stem bearing no flower. Scent samples were subsequently analysed by direct mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to gas chromatography (GC) analyses as described in [50] (link). The GC-MS data were processed using MS Worksation 7 Software. Compounds were identified thanks to the library NIST 02 mass spectral through a comparison of the retention times with published data [51] . Differences in relative emission rate of the 10 major compounds among habitat types (with population as a nested factor) were investigated using a permutational MANOVA (based on non-normal distributions).
9
Nonylphenol Adsorption on Biochar
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Nonylphenol (> 99% purity) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China) and prepared as a concentrated stock solution with acetonitrile. Tenax TA (60–80 mesh) was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, USA) and regenerated by ultrasonic washing with methanol, acetone and hexane in order [14 (link)]. acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, hexane and dichloromethane (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Biochar was produced from rice straw following a procedure detailed in a previous study [14 (link)].
Biochar was produced from rice straw following a procedure detailed in a previous study [14 (link)].
10
Inflorescence Scent Profiling of JOS and DAO
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Inflorescence scent data collected in 2017 for the JOS and DAO populations (NJOS = 34; NDAO = 61) were obtained from Gfrerer et al. (2021) (link). In short, scent was collected on the first day of anthesis between 18:00 and 19:30, i.e., the time period of peak scent emission (Marotz-Clausen et al., 2018 (link)), by bagging each inflorescence in an oven bag (c. 30×12 cm; Toppits, Melitta, Germany) and collecting scent via dynamic headspace, following Marotz-Clausen et al. (2018) (link), for five minutes at 200 ml min-1 with a vacuum pump (rotary vane pump G12/01 EB, Gardner Denver Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria). Volatiles were trapped on a mixture of Tenax-TA (mesh 60–80) and Carbotrap B (mesh 20–40; 1.5 mg each; both Supelco, Taufkirchen, Germany), which was filled in quartz glass tubes (length: 2–3 cm; inner diameter: 2 mm). Samples from leaves and ambient air served as negative controls. Obtained scent samples were analysed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-20 coupled with QP2010 Ultra EI GC/MS, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), and acquired data were analysed in GCMSolution v.4.41 (Gfrerer et al., 2021 (link)).
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