The
hydrodynamic diameters of the vesicles were measured using a dynamic
light scattering (DLS) instrument (Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS90). Measurements
were conducted at a scattering angle of 90° using a polystyrene,
latex disposable cuvette. An equilibration time of 120 s was kept
constant for all measurements. For each sample, 6 readings were recorded
averaging 6 runs for the same sample. In order to observe size changes
in the presence of added MMP-9 and GSH, the nanovesicles that encapsulated
gemcitabine were incubated with MMP-9 and GSH. Size changes were monitored
for 24 h with DLS, and the morphology change was observed using an
atomic force microscope (AFM). For AFM imaging, the nanovesicles were
deposited on a mica sheet and were imaged using a MultiMode atomic
force microscope with a Nanoscope IIIa controller and a J-type piezo
scanner (Veeco Metrology Group, Santa Barbara, CA). An antimony (n)
doped Si tip was used for obtaining images in the tapping mode.
hydrodynamic diameters of the vesicles were measured using a dynamic
light scattering (DLS) instrument (Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS90). Measurements
were conducted at a scattering angle of 90° using a polystyrene,
latex disposable cuvette. An equilibration time of 120 s was kept
constant for all measurements. For each sample, 6 readings were recorded
averaging 6 runs for the same sample. In order to observe size changes
in the presence of added MMP-9 and GSH, the nanovesicles that encapsulated
gemcitabine were incubated with MMP-9 and GSH. Size changes were monitored
for 24 h with DLS, and the morphology change was observed using an
atomic force microscope (AFM). For AFM imaging, the nanovesicles were
deposited on a mica sheet and were imaged using a MultiMode atomic
force microscope with a Nanoscope IIIa controller and a J-type piezo
scanner (Veeco Metrology Group, Santa Barbara, CA). An antimony (n)
doped Si tip was used for obtaining images in the tapping mode.