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11 protocols using thioacetic acid

1

Synthesis of Multifunctional Siloxane Polymers

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Unless otherwise stated, all chemicals were of reagent grade and used without purification. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane (V4) was purchased from ABCR. 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (CL2), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercapto propionate) (CL4), benzene, toluene, sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide 25% in MeOH (TMAH), hydrochloric acid, and thioacetic acid were purchased from Merck. Methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (ACN), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from VWR. As a sacrificial layer, a solution of PVA in isopropanol/2-butanol from Suter Kunststoffe AG was used. Elastosil films with a thickness of 200 μm were purchased from Wacker. Polymethylvinylsiloxane (PV) (Mn = 105 500 g mol−1, Mw = 375 000 g mol−1, PDI = 3.55) and 2-(methylsulfonyl)-ethanethiol were prepared according to the literature.32 (link)
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polymers

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Pluronic F127 (MW = 12,600, 70% PEG, composition confirmed with proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy), allyl bromide, sodium hydride, 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), thioacetic acid (purum, ≥ 95.0% (GC)), Tetronic 701 (MW = 3600, 10% PEG), acryloyl chloride (purity: 97.0%, contains <210 ppm MEHQ as stabilizer), triethylamine (purity ≥ 99.5%), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) (purity 98%), sodium hydroxide (purity ≥ 97%, pellets), hydrochloric acid (37%), potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, toluene, N,N-Dimethylformamide, ammonium persulfate (APS), tetramethylethyldiamine (TEMED), and ibuprofen (purity 98%) were purchased from Merck (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, IT, USA) and used as received.
All the functionalized polymers obtained were characterized using a 400 MHz Bruker 1H NMR spectrometer and a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50 Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer in Attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were carried out with Malvern Zetasizer ZS (Malvern, UK). Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) analysis was performed with the Jasco GPC System in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 35 °C, calibrated using polystyrene standards.
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3

Synthesis of Multifunctional Monomers for Dental Composites

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Triethylamine (TEA), TTT, trimethylolpropane diallyl ether (DEA), tetravinylsilane, propylamine, thioacetic acid, and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Divinyl sulfone (DVS) was purchased from Oakwood Chemicals. Irgarcure 819 (bis-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide-BPO) was obtained from BASF. BisGMA/TEGDMA Solution Lot: 795-07 was purchased from ESSTECH. All chemicals were used as received. SiTSH and 1,3,5-tris-(3-mercaptopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TTTSH) were synthesized according to a previously reported procedure [30 (link),32 (link),33 ]. The tetra-allyl monomer (TENE) was synthesized upon treatment of an alcohol with an isocyanate to form urethane linkages [34 ]. The structures of the thiol and vinyl monomers are depicted in Fig. 1.
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4

Glycan-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles

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The materials and reagents in this work were in analytical-reagent grade and used directly without further purification. Chloroauric acid hydrated (HAuCl4·4H2O) was purchased from Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. of Shanghai (Shanghai, China). L-Glutathione reduced (GSH), methoxylamine hydrochloride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium acetate an-hydrous, dichloromethane, ethanol, hydroxylamine hydro-chloride (NH2OH·HCl), D-mannose (Man), D-glucose (Glu), D-lactose monohydrate (Lac), monosialoganglioside (GM3), and phenol were obtained from Yinuokai Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 4-Maleimidobutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (GMBS), acrolein, L-fucose (Fuc), and 4-aminophenyl α-D-mannopyranoside (NH2-Man) were provided by Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China). Thioacetic acid and concanavalin A (Con A) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kyushu, Japan). The human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and Swiss albino 3T3 cells were purchased from Procell Life Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). The ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) used in this work was generated by a Milli-Q device (Millipore, MA, USA).
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Rubber Compounds

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Natural rubber (NR; SMR CV60 grade) was purchased from Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre. Chloroprene rubber (CR; SN 122 grade) was supplied by The Weir Group PLC. Polybutadiene rubber (BR; 98% cis, average Mw 200 000–300 000), thioacetic acid (TAA; ≥96% purity), thioglycolic acid (TGA; ≥99% purity), 2-propanethiol (PPT; ≥97.0% purity, GC grade), 2-mercaptoethanol (BME; ≥99.0% purity), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN; 98% purity), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA, 99% purity), toluene (≥99.9% purity, HPLC grade), dichloromethane (≥99.9% purity, ACS reagent), methanol (≥99.9% purity, HPLC grade) and chloroform-d (CDCl3; 99.8 atom% D) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co Ltd.
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6

Synthesis of Fluorinated Amine Derivatives

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The following materials and reagents were used for synthesis: silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh) was purchased from Merck GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany), 3-fluoroaniline, (R)-glycidyl butyrate, n-buthyllithium (1.6 M in hexane), sodium azide, triethylamine, methanesulphonyl chloride, trifluoroacetic acid silver salt, thioacetic acid, iodine, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), 4N hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane and trifluoroacetic acid, propargylamine, 4-formylphenylboronic acid, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, benzyl chlorformate were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan), sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, potassium carbonate, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, toluene, dichloromethane, and chloroform were purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland) and all were of analytical grade. N,N-dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile were purchased from Rathburn Chemicals (Walkerburn, Great Britain) and were of HPLC grade.
The reference standard of RAD was purchased from ApexBio Technology LLC (Houston, TX, USA).
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7

Preparation of Photocurable Soybean Oil Composites

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Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO, with 2.7 of acryloyl and 0.3 epoxide groups), squalene, thioacetic acid, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (HMP), and ethylphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate (TPOL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Inorganic salts were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Methanol and chloroform were received from Carlo Erba (Barcelona, Spain). All materials were used as received.
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8

Synthesis of Functionalized PEG Hydrogels

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PEG (molecular weight (MW) 2 kDa, 4 kDa), K2CO3, dichloromethane, acryloyl chloride, KI, Celite® 521, 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid, NaH, allyl bromide, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, dithiothreitol, tetrahydrofuran, and thioacetic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). 4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)ketone (Irgacure 2959) was purchased from BASF (Florham Park, NJ, USA). PEGDA (MW 5 kDa) was purchased from Laysan Bio (Arab, AL, USA). Four-arm PEG (MW 5 kDa), 4-arm PEG-thiol (MW 5 kDa), 8-arm PEG (MW 10 kDa), and 8-arm PEG-thiol (MW 10 kDa) were purchased from JenKem Technology (Allen, TX, USA). PEGDA (MW 2 kDa, 4 kDa), 8-arm PEG-norbornene (MW 10 kDa), 4-arm PEG-norbornene (MW 5 kDa), and PEG-dithiol (MW 1.5 kDa) were synthesized in house. BSA was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). The BioRad Protein Assay was purchased from BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA).
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9

Synthesis of Crosslinked Silicone Elastomers

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Unless otherwise stated,
all chemicals were reagent grade and used without purification. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinyl
cyclotetrasiloxane (V4) was purchased from ABCR. 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone
(DMPA), 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol, benzene, toluene,
sodium hydroxide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide,
tetramethylammonium hydroxide 25% in Methanol (TMAH), hydrochloric
acid, and thioacetic acid were purchased from Aldrich. Methanol and
tetrahydrofuran were purchased from VWR. As a sacrificial layer, we
used a solution of PVA in isopropanol/2-butanol from Suter Kunststoffe
AG. Elastosil Film 2030 250 with a thickness of 200 μm and cross-linkable
electrode Elastosil LR 3162A/B were
purchased from Wacker. Polymethylvinylsiloxane (PV) (Mn = 105 480 g mol–1, Mw = 375 000 g mol–1, PDI = 3.55) and N,N-dimethyl-3-mercaptopropanamide
were prepared according to the literature.12 (link)
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10

Grubbs' Catalyst-Mediated Organic Synthesis

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The Grubbs´ first-generation catalyst (PCy3)2Cl2Ru = CHPh) (97%), vinyltriethoxysilane (97%), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (99%), thioacetic acid (96%), propylamine (98%), pluronic P123, palladium (II) acetate (98%), palladium (II) acetylacetonate (99%), bromobenzene (99%) and phenylboronic acid (95%) were supplied by Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). KCl (≥99.5%), HCl (37%), ethanol (≥96%, denaturated) and tetrahydrofuran (anhydrous) were provided by Carl-Roth (Karlsruhe, Germanuy). Also, K2CO3 (99%, Panreac, Chicago, IL, USA) and dodecane (95%, Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) were used. All these chemicals were used without further purification.
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