5 and 6 chloromethyl 2 7 dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester cm h2dcfda

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from GE Healthcare (Logan, UT, USA). Fine dust (PM₁₀-like, European reference material ERM-CZ120) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Turkish 100% not from concentrate (NFC) Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice was purchased from KNF KOREA INC (Gangseo-gu, Busan, Korea). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, p38, p-p38, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)p65, p-NF-κBp65, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p-JNK, B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, and β-actin antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Paso Robles, CA, USA). Goat anti-rabbit and -mouse IgG (HRP) antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was obtained from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA). PD98059, SB203580, and Bay 11-7082 were purchased from Med Chem Express (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), and 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA) was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). All chemicals used were of analytical grade and were used as received without any further purification and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Foetal bovine serum (FBS), DMEM medium, TRIZOL and 5‐(and‐6)‐chloromethyl‐2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM‐H2DCFDA) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Antibodies against COX‐2 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). PhosphoPlus p47^phox were from Assay Biotechnology. PhosphoPlus p42/p44 MAPK antibody and GAPDH were obtained from New England Biolabs (Beverly, MA, USA). N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI), apocynin (APO), U0126, NS398, SC51089, AH6809, L798, 106 and GW627368X were obtained from Biomol. Hybond C membrane, Hyperfilms and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blotting detection system were obtained from GE Healthcare Biosciences. XTT assay kit was purchased from Biological Industries. SDS‐PAGE supplies were from MDBio Inc. LPS, Oil red O, enzymes and other chemicals were obtained from Sigma.

HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Labscan (Dublin, Ireland). Acetic acidof analytical grade (assay >99.5%) was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Water was purified by using a Milli-Q System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Other reagents unmarked were of analytical grade. methanol (MeOH) was purchased from Carlo Erba (Rodano, MI, Italy), H₂O₂ was bought from Farmac-Zabban S.p.a. (Calderara di Reno, BO, Italy), NaCO₃, gelatin and Hoechst 33342 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy), poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] powder (70:30 % mol) was purchased from Piezotech Arkema (Pierre-Benite, France), Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Medium 199 (M199), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin solution, L-glutamine, HEPES buffer were supplied by Hospira S.r.l. (Naples, Italy).
4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolium]-1,3-benzenedisulfonate (WST-1 assay), was purchased from Roche Applied Science (Mannheim, Germany), 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2’,7’-dichloro-di-hydro-fluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA) was supplied by Invitrogen. EGM-2 medium bullet kit was bought from Lonza (Verviers, Belgium), alamarBlue^® was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).

PIC, RES, oxyresveratrol (OXY), rhapontigenin (RHA), isorhapontigenin (ISOR), 3,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxypiceatannol (TMP), and sesamin (SESA) were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), EGCG, H₂O₂, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). QUE was obtained from Tocric Co., Ltd. (Bristol, UK). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), heat-inactivated horse serum (HS), Hanks' Balanced Salt solution (HBSS), and penicillin and streptomycin solutions were obtained from Gibco (MD, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from HyClone (UT, USA). The 5-(and-6) chloromethyl-2′,7′ dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA) was obtained from Invitrogen (CA, USA).

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Trypsin were purchased from Gibco-Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY, USA). Dithiothreitol (DTT), phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), protease inhibitor cocktail (leupeptin, antipain, chymostatin, and pepstatin A), sulforhodamine B (SRB), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), arachidonic acid (C20:4), D(-)-Fructose, Nile Red, Hoechst 33342, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), and 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA) were purchased from Invitrogen (Eugene, OR, USA).