2,2-Bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]propane (BisGMA, St. Louis, MO) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, St. Louis, MO) were used as received without further purification as monomers in dentin adhesives. Camphoroquinone (CQ), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB), tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All other chemicals were reagent grade and used without further purification.
Diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate dpihp
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) is a photoinitiator compound used in various applications, such as photopolymerization and photocuring processes. It functions as a free-radical generator when exposed to light, initiating polymerization reactions. DPIHP is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents.
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Lab products found in correlation
Tnbsa, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L lysine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Camphorquinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Two step adper single bond adhesive, by 3M (1 mentions)
Ethyl 4 dimethylaminobenzoate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bis gma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L lactic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 n morpholinoethyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate hema, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 butanone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl 4 dimethylamino benzoate edmab, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate dpihp
1
Dental Adhesive Monomer Synthesis
2
Photoinitiator System Characterization
3
Bonding of Resin-based Dental Materials
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Sound human molars (n=60; age range: 21–35 years) were stored after extraction in a solution of deionized water and sodium azide (0.2%) at 4 °C to inhibit microbial growth and were used within 1 month from the start of the experiments. The teeth used in the study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of National University of Singapore. For the resin-bonded specimens, 20 teeth were used for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis; 25 teeth were used for determining micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS); and the remaining 15 teeth were used for the micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis. The chemicals used in this study included riboflavin 5′-monophosphate (RF), 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxyproxy)phenyl] propane, (Bis-GMA) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethanol, camphorquinone; ethyl (4-dimethylamino)benzoate and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP, 1.0%, m/m) that were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), unless otherwise stated. The two-step Adper™ Single Bond adhesive was purchased from 3M ESPE (St. Paul, MN, USA).
4
Synthesis of Adhesive Dental Monomers
5
Hydrophilic Dental Adhesive Formulation
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The model adhesive consisted of HEMA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and BisGMA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with a mass ratio of 45/55 (HEMA/BisGMA). The photoinitiators used were as follows: 0.5 wt% camphorquinone (CQ) as a hydrophobic photosensitizer, 0.5 wt% ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB) as a hydrophobic reducing agent, and 1.0 wt% diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) as a hydrophilic coinitiator (all from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The neat resins were prepared in brown glass vials and stirred for 48 h to form a homogeneous solution [15 (link)].
D2O (99.9%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added into the neat resins in variable amounts: 0 wt%, 10 wt%, and 16 wt%, based on [5 (link)]. These concentrations of D2O were added according to a ternary phase diagram [16 (link)]. D2O (heavy water) was used instead of water to avoid coincidence of the peaks at the spectrum in the FTIR [16 (link)].
D2O (99.9%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added into the neat resins in variable amounts: 0 wt%, 10 wt%, and 16 wt%, based on [5 (link)]. These concentrations of D2O were added according to a ternary phase diagram [16 (link)]. D2O (heavy water) was used instead of water to avoid coincidence of the peaks at the spectrum in the FTIR [16 (link)].
6
Dental Adhesive Monomer Synthesis
7
Photopolymerizable Dental Composite Formulation
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Bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA), 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), Camphoroquinone (CQ), Ethyl-4(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB), and Diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP), 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, and 2-butanone were procured from Sigma Aldrich, Inc. St. Louis, MO, US. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methacryloxypropyl (trimethoxy) silane were procured from Fischer Scientific and Gelest Inc., Waltham, MA, USA, respectively.
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