Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and waist were obtained using standardized techniques. The BMI was calculated as weight (in kg) divided by the square of height (in m). Biochemical analyses were done on a Hitachi-912 Auto Analyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany) using kits supplied by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim). Fasting plasma glucose (glucose oxidase–peroxidase method), serum cholesterol (cholesterol oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase method), serum triglycerides (glycerol phosphatase oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase method), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (direct method; polyethylene glycol-pretreated enzymes) were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula [34 (link)]. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Variant™ machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Serum insulin concentration was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).
Variant machine
Manufactured by Bio-Rad
Sourced in United States
The Variant™ machine is a laboratory instrument designed for protein analysis. It utilizes gel electrophoresis technology to separate and analyze protein samples. The core function of the Variant™ machine is to provide researchers with a tool for protein characterization and separation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
12 protocols using variant machine
1
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
2
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
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Standardized methods were used to measure weight, height and WC. BMI was calculated based on the body weight in kilograms divided by the square of body height in meters. Generalized obesity was defined according to the World Health Organization Asia Pacific Guidelines for Asians (The Asia Pacific perspective 2000) as non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) [41 ]. The following biochemical measurements were performed using kits supplied by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim) on a Hitachi-912 Auto Analyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany): fasting plasma glucose (glucose oxidase-peroxidase), serum total cholesterol (cholesterol oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase), serum triglycerides (glycerol phosphatase oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase) and HDL-c (direct method; polyethylene glycol-pretreated enzymes) [42 (link)]. The Friedewald formula was used to calculate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Variant™ machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Serum insulin and 25(OH)D vitamin D concentrations were estimated using the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) using a Roche e601Cobas immunoassay analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA) [21 (link)]. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for vitamin D assay was 3.62% and 6.38%, respectively.
3
Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Fasting Blood
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One blood sample was drawn from participants after eight hours of fasting. Blood samples were incubated, and then they were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for ten min. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and lipid profiles, including HDL (high-density lipoprotein), TG (triglycerides), and TC (total cholesterol), were measured. In addition, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), CRP, hepatitis B virus surface antigens, and hepatitis C virus antibodies, were all assessed.
The A1C level was measured by a Variant machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States). The BS200 Auto analyzer was used to assess laboratory measurements enzymatically according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Mindray, China). The Friedewald equation was used to determine serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (5 ). The third-generation ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) technique was utilized to evaluate hepatitis B viruses (HBV) indicators such as HbsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb by Acon kits (Acon Laboratory, San Diego, CA, United States).
The Iranian National Reference Laboratory re-evaluated 10% of the blood samples, and all laboratory readings were found to have a variance coefficient of 1.7–3.8%.
The A1C level was measured by a Variant machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States). The BS200 Auto analyzer was used to assess laboratory measurements enzymatically according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Mindray, China). The Friedewald equation was used to determine serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (5 ). The third-generation ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) technique was utilized to evaluate hepatitis B viruses (HBV) indicators such as HbsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb by Acon kits (Acon Laboratory, San Diego, CA, United States).
The Iranian National Reference Laboratory re-evaluated 10% of the blood samples, and all laboratory readings were found to have a variance coefficient of 1.7–3.8%.
4
Anthropometric and Clinical Measurements
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Anthropometric measurements including weight, height (using stadiometer), body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and waist circumference (using inelastic and flexible tape at the midpoint between the lower margin of the least palpable rib and top of the iliac crest nearest to 0.1 cm) were carried out at the time of recruitment. Clinical systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, serum lipids, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and hepatic and renal function levels were extracted from available clinical records (in the previous 6 months).
Blood pressure of the participants was measured at the time of recruitment in the sitting position in the right arm to the nearest 2 mmHg with a mercury sphygmomanometer (Diamond Deluxe BP apparatus, BP Instruments, Pune, India), and the participants were considered to be hypertensive if were taking antihypertensive medication (as documented in clinic records) or SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg. HbA1c was also measured using the Variant machine (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Proteinuria according to spot urine testing by sulfosalicylic acid technique was diagnosed if the estimated 24 h protein excretion was ≥500 mg/day.
Blood pressure of the participants was measured at the time of recruitment in the sitting position in the right arm to the nearest 2 mmHg with a mercury sphygmomanometer (Diamond Deluxe BP apparatus, BP Instruments, Pune, India), and the participants were considered to be hypertensive if were taking antihypertensive medication (as documented in clinic records) or SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg. HbA1c was also measured using the Variant machine (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Proteinuria according to spot urine testing by sulfosalicylic acid technique was diagnosed if the estimated 24 h protein excretion was ≥500 mg/day.
5
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
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Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference, were obtained using standardized techniques. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (glucose oxidase-peroxidase method), serum cholesterol (cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase- amidopyrine method), serum triglycerides (glycerol phosphate oxidase-peroxidase-amidopyrine method), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (direct method-polyethylene glycol-pretreated enzymes), and creatinine (Jaffe’s method) were measured using a Hitachi-912 Autoanalyser (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany). The intra- and inter assay coefficient of variation for the biochemical assays ranged between 3.1% and 5.6%. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated by high pressure liquid chromatography using a variant machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation of HbA1c was less than 5%. The plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured by high sensitive nephelometric assay. The intra- and the inter-assay coefficients of variation for hsCRP were 4.2% and 6.8%, respectively, and the detection limit was 0.15 mg/L. Both the intra and inter assay variations were determined in our biochemical lab.
6
Anthropometric and Metabolic Profiles of Obese Individuals
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Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and waist–hip ratio (WHR) were obtained using standardized techniques. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of the height in meters (m). Individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m2 were classified as non-obese and those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were classified as obese, in accordance with the World Health Organisation Asia Pacific Guidelines [44 ]. Biochemical analyses were conducted using Hitachi-912 Auto Analyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany) with kits supplied by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany). Serum total cholesterol was measured by cholesterol oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase method and HDL by direct method-polyethylene glycol-pretreated enzymes. Serum TG was measured by glycerol phosphatase oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase method, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was calculated using the Friedewald formula [45 (link)]. Serum insulin concentration was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Variant™ machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
7
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
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Anthropometric variables including WC, weight and height were measured using standardised methods. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated with the formula of weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in metres), with obesity being defined as BMI ≥ 25 according to World Health Organisation Asia Pacific Guidelines for Asians [47 ].
Biochemical tests were carried out using a Hitachi-912 Auto Analyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany), with kits provided by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography on a Variant machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). FPG and serum insulin were measured using glucose oxidase-peroxidase and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), respectively.
Biochemical tests were carried out using a Hitachi-912 Auto Analyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany), with kits provided by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography on a Variant machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). FPG and serum insulin were measured using glucose oxidase-peroxidase and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), respectively.
8
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
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Anthropometric measurements including weight and height were obtained using standardized techniques. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Biochemical analyses were carried out on a Hitachi-912 Autoanalyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany) using commercial kits (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Fasting plasma glucose was estimated using glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. Serum cholesterol was estimated using cholesterol oxidase-phenol 4-amino antipyrene peroxidase (CHOD-PAP) method. Serum triglyceride was estimated using glycerol phosphatase oxidase-PAP (GPO-PAP) method. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was estimated using polyethylene glycol-pretreated enzymes method and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated using Friedewald formula. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography using the Variant machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA). Serum insulin concentration was estimated using Dako kits (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).
9
Anthropometric and Metabolic Biomarkers
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We collected clinical data, such as weight, height, waist circumference and other data. The BMI was calculated as weight (in kg) divided by the square of height (in m). Fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured as described in a previous protocol [16 (link)]. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography using a Variant™ machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Serum insulin concentration was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Total serum adiponectin was measured by radioimmunoassay.
10
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
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Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and waist were obtained using standardized techniques. The BMI was calculated as weight (in kg) divided by the square of height (in m). Biochemical analyses were performed on a Hitachi-912 Auto Analyzer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany) using kits supplied by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim). Fasting plasma glucose (glucose oxidase–peroxidase method), serum total cholesterol (cholesterol oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase method), serum TAG (glycerol phosphatase oxidase-phenol-4-amino-antipyrene peroxidase method), and HDL-C (direct method; polyethylene glycol-pretreated enzymes) were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula [34 (link)]. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Variant™ machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Serum insulin concentration was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).
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