For determination of substrate specificity, several nitriles belonging to different classes were tested: acetonitrile (simple aliphatic nitrile), glutaronitrile, succinonitrile (aliphatic dinitriles), mandelonitrile (arylacetonitrile) and benzonitrile (aromatic nitrile) (Sigma-Aldrich). In addition, acetamide and benzamide (Sigma-Aldrich) were used for the detection of possible amidase activity.
Succinonitrile
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Succinonitrile is a chemical compound with the formula C4H6N2. It is a clear, colorless, viscous liquid that is used as a laboratory reagent and in the synthesis of other chemical compounds.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glutaronitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mandelonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Litfsi, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone pvp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Poly ethylene oxide peo, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Lithium bis trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide litfsi, by IoLiTec (1 mentions)
Cinnamonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyclohexanecarbonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 thiopheneacetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 indoleacetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Decamethylferrocene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anhydrous ethylene carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zinc acetate dihydrate, by Chempur (1 mentions)
7 protocols using succinonitrile
1
Substrate Specificity Determination of Nitriles
2
Succinonitrile-based Electrolyte Synthesis
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Succinonitrile, PEO (1-M g mol−1), and LiTFSI were procured from Sigma Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA. Cobalt salts, Co(bpy)3(TFSI)2 (DN-C13) and Co(bpy)3(TFSI)3 (DN-C14) were procured from Dyenamo AB, Stockholm, Sweden. These chemicals were used without purification.
3
Solid Polymer Electrolyte Synthesis
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Succinonitrile (SN, ≥99%) was purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany) or TCI Deutschland GmbH
(Eschborn, Germany) and was used as received. Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
(LiTFSI, 99.9%) from IoLiTec GmbH (Heilbronn, Germany) was used as
Li salt. The polymers polyacrylonitrile (N-PAN, Mw = 80.000 g/mol) from Dolan GmbH (Kelheim, Germany) and
poly(ethylene carbonate) (QPAC 25, Mw =
50.000–200.000 g/mol) from Empower Materials (New Castle) were
provided by named companies as a free sample. Poly(ethylene oxide)
(PEO, Mw = 100.000 g/mol) was supplied
by Alfa Aesar and Thermo Fisher GmbH (Kandel, Germany), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
(PVP, Mw = 25.000 g/mol) by Merck Millipore
(Darmstadt, Germany). Polymers were dried in vacuum for 24 h before
use. A glass fiber nonwoven (30 g/m2) was purchased from
R&G (Waldenbuch, Germany) and was used as a separator.
from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany) or TCI Deutschland GmbH
(Eschborn, Germany) and was used as received. Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
(LiTFSI, 99.9%) from IoLiTec GmbH (Heilbronn, Germany) was used as
Li salt. The polymers polyacrylonitrile (N-PAN, Mw = 80.000 g/mol) from Dolan GmbH (Kelheim, Germany) and
poly(ethylene carbonate) (QPAC 25, Mw =
50.000–200.000 g/mol) from Empower Materials (New Castle) were
provided by named companies as a free sample. Poly(ethylene oxide)
(PEO, Mw = 100.000 g/mol) was supplied
by Alfa Aesar and Thermo Fisher GmbH (Kandel, Germany), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
(PVP, Mw = 25.000 g/mol) by Merck Millipore
(Darmstadt, Germany). Polymers were dried in vacuum for 24 h before
use. A glass fiber nonwoven (30 g/m2) was purchased from
R&G (Waldenbuch, Germany) and was used as a separator.
4
Characterization of Arylacetonitrilase Substrate Scope
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Stock solutions of nitriles (final concentration of 2.7 M) were generated by solving the nitriles in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). These stock solutions were sterile-filtered and stored at 4 °C. The following nitriles were used: phenylacetonitrile, acetonitrile (both TCI Deutschland GmbH, Eschborn, Germany), succinonitrile, crotonitrile, 4-hydroxybenzonitrile, acetone cyanohydrin, cyclohexanecarbonitrile, fumaronitrile, and 2-phenylpropionitrile (all Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Munich, Germany). In addition, mandelonitrile, 2-phenylbutyronitrile, benzonitrile, 3-indoleacetonitrile, 2-thiopheneacetonitrile, 3-thiopheneacetonitrile, (2-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile, (3-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile, (4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile, cinnamonitrile, 1,4-phenylenediacetonitrile, 2-naphtylacetonitrile (all Sigma-Aldrich), and 3-phenylpropiontrile (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA) were used for further characterization of the purified arylacetonitrilase.
5
Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Synthesis
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Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O reagent grade), potassium hydroxide
(KOH pellets), cadmium acetate (CdAc2, 99.999%, ChemPur),
oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), selenium powder (Se,
ChemPur), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 90%), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO,
99%), octadecylamine (ODA, 90%), oleylamine (OLAM, 70%), 1-octanethiol
(≥98.5%), 1,4-butanedithiol (BDT, 97%), poly(3-decylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
(P3DT, regioregular), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT, regiorandom),
phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM, 99%), fullerene
(C60, 99.9%), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (99%), chlorobenzene
(99.8%), indium-doped tin oxide substrates (ITO, PGO Germany), lithium
perchlorate (LiClO4, 99.99%), ferrocene (Fc, 98%), decamethylferrocene
(97%), anhydrous ethylene carbonate ((CH2O)2CO, 99.8%), succinonitrile (99%), dimethyl sulfone (98%), poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG Mn of 600, 4000, 6000, 8000,
20000, and 35000), and anhydrous solvents (acetonitrile, 99.99%, methanol,
99.8%, ethanol (maximum 0.01% H2O), toluene, 99.8%, hexane,
95%, and butanol, 99.8%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless
stated otherwise. acetonitrile was dried before use in an Innovative
Technology PureSolv Micro column. All other chemicals were used as
received.
(KOH pellets), cadmium acetate (CdAc2, 99.999%, ChemPur),
oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), selenium powder (Se,
ChemPur), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 90%), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO,
99%), octadecylamine (ODA, 90%), oleylamine (OLAM, 70%), 1-octanethiol
(≥98.5%), 1,4-butanedithiol (BDT, 97%), poly(3-decylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
(P3DT, regioregular), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT, regiorandom),
phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM, 99%), fullerene
(C60, 99.9%), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (99%), chlorobenzene
(99.8%), indium-doped tin oxide substrates (ITO, PGO Germany), lithium
perchlorate (LiClO4, 99.99%), ferrocene (Fc, 98%), decamethylferrocene
(97%), anhydrous ethylene carbonate ((CH2O)2CO, 99.8%), succinonitrile (99%), dimethyl sulfone (98%), poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG Mn of 600, 4000, 6000, 8000,
20000, and 35000), and anhydrous solvents (acetonitrile, 99.99%, methanol,
99.8%, ethanol (maximum 0.01% H2O), toluene, 99.8%, hexane,
95%, and butanol, 99.8%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless
stated otherwise. acetonitrile was dried before use in an Innovative
Technology PureSolv Micro column. All other chemicals were used as
received.
6
Synthesis of Nitrile Compounds Using Methanol
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Methanol (Sigma–Aldrich) was distilled from CaH2 under N2 and used immediately. Succinonitrile and glutaronitrile were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich and used as received. Inhibitor-free anhydrous diethyl ether was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich and used as received. All deuterated solvents were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, used as received, and stored long term in air. Unless otherwise noted, all manipulations were performed in air. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was performed with a Thermo Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer. IR spectra were recorded with a Bruker Tenser 27 spectrometer using an ATR adapter. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a 400 MHz Bruker Avance III spectrometer. Caution! The synthetic procedures for the preparation of 1 and 2 involve heating a sealed reaction vessel and should only be performed at or below the scale described here using rated thick-walled glassware, with a protective blast shield.
7
Recombinant Expression of A. facilis 72W Nitrilase
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The gene (GenBank: DQ444267.1) of A. facilis 72W nitrilase was synthesized by GENEWIZ. Inc (Suzhou, China). This gene was used for the expression of A. facilis 72W nitrilase. The strains, plasmids and primers used in this study are listed in Table 1. The other related reagents, such as DNA ligase and restriction enzymes, were provided by TaKaRa (China). Proteinase K, trypsin, bromelain, succinonitrile and related standards were purchased from Sigma (Germany). The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-goat anti-rabbit IgG was bought from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (USA).
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