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1 naphthol

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom

1-naphthol is a white crystalline compound commonly used as a chemical intermediate in various industrial applications. It is a derivative of naphthalene and is characterized by its aromatic structure and hydroxyl functional group. The core function of 1-naphthol is to serve as a precursor and building block in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, without any interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.

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25 protocols using 1 naphthol

1

Assessing Cytotoxicity of Phenolic Compounds

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4‐methoxyphenol, m‐Cresol, 1‐naphthol, thymol, diphenyl ether, DMSO, Rosswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium with l‐glutamine, zinc sulphate and Act D were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Poole, UK). Sodium nitrate was purchased from ReAgent (Cheshire, UK). Acetonitrile was provided by Fischer Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Foetal bovine serum and phenol red free Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) were purchased from Gibco (Paisley, Scotland).
Drug/molecular target names used here are in accordance with the BJP's Guide to Receptor and Channels 21.
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2

Sperm DNA Fragmentation Assessment

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1-Hydroxypyrene, 1-naphthol, β-glucuronidase from Helix pomatia (G7017), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), methanol (HPLC grade) and n-hexane (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co; (St. Louis, MO, USA). Halosperm G2 was developed by Halotech DNA for assessing sperm DNA fragmentation in humans.
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3

Nanomaterial-Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensor

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Ti3C2Tx (MXene) few layer dispersion solution (Lateral size 2–5 µm), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, bulk Ti3AlC2 and WS2 nanosheets (Diameter 2–5 µm) were obtained from Jiangsu XFNANO Materials Tech. Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). MoS2 nanosheets (Diameter 20–500 nm) were obtained from Nanjing JCNANO Tech. Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). NH2-Fe3O4 and Nafion solutions were obtained from Aladdin Biochemical Tech. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Gold chloride (HAuCl4∙4H2O), sodium citrate, 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH), 1-naphthyl phosphate (1-NPP), 1-naphthol, streptavidin–alkaline phosphatase (SA-ALP), 4-nitrophenol, β-estradiol and diethanolamine (DEA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, USA). Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) was purchased from Sangon Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Chongqing, China). Nt.BsmAI nicking endonuclease (Nt.BsmAI) and CutSmart buffer were provided by New England Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-purified sequences (Additional file 1: Table S1) in our experiments were ordered from Sangon Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Clinical serum samples were obtained from the University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China). The buffers and solutions involved in this experiment were display in Additional file 1: S1.
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4

Biochemical Compound Acquisition Protocol

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4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (HDMF), 2 (or 5)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5 (or 2)-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (EHMF), 4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (HMF), naringenin, eugenol, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, 1-naphthol, farnesol, sorbic acid, nerolidol, geraniol, fisetin, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, 2-naphthol, caffeic acid, methyl salicylate, ferulic acid, 1-octanol, and myricetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-glucuronic acid were purchased from Promega (Madison, USA). UDP-Xylose was purchased from Angfei Biotech Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China).
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5

Characterization of Fungal Cell Wall Interactions

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Alkali-insoluble and soluble fungal cell wall fractions were obtained as described previously34 (link). For the ELISA, wells were coated overnight with 20-200 µg/mL of the cell wall fractions, melanin ghosts (in house generated), purified YWA1 (in house generated), 1,8-DHN, 1,2-DHN, 1,4-DHN, naphthalene, 1-naphthol (all from Sigma) in 50 mM carbonate buffer pH 9.6, and then blocked with 1% BSA in PBS. Fc-MelLec (5 µg/mL) was added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Following washing with PBS-Tween-20 (0.5% (v/v)), peroxidase-conjugated human Fc-specific IgG (Sigma) was added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Following further washing, quantification of Fc-MelLec binding was detected using ortho-phenylenediamine (OPD, Sigma) and H2O2 detection system (Merck). The reaction was stopped using 4% (v/v) H2SO4 and optical densities measured at 492 nm.
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6

Assay Reagents for Enzymatic Analyses

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2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), promazine hydrochloride, syringaldazine, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, vanillin, galangin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, fisetin, gallic, syringic, synapic, cinnamic, vanillic, chlorogenic acids, veratryl alcohol, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), metal salts, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland. Methyl syringate purchased from Lancaster Synthesis, Ward Hill, MA, USA, was additionally recrystallized from ethanol. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol was obtained from Alfa Aesar, Kandel, Germany. Methanol, p-coumaric, o-coumaric, m-coumaric, ferulic, and caffeic acids were obtained from Fluka, Steinheim, Switzerland. N,N′-dimethylamine-4-(4-morpholine)benzene, 3-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)propanoic acid and 2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethanol were prepared as described [44 (link)]. Catechol, hydroquinone, p-phenylenediamine, potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), and dyes were obtained from Reachim, Moscow, Russia. Molecular biology enzymes and kits were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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7

Characterization of Fungal Cell Wall Interactions

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Alkali-insoluble and soluble fungal cell wall fractions were obtained as described previously34 (link). For the ELISA, wells were coated overnight with 20-200 µg/mL of the cell wall fractions, melanin ghosts (in house generated), purified YWA1 (in house generated), 1,8-DHN, 1,2-DHN, 1,4-DHN, naphthalene, 1-naphthol (all from Sigma) in 50 mM carbonate buffer pH 9.6, and then blocked with 1% BSA in PBS. Fc-MelLec (5 µg/mL) was added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Following washing with PBS-Tween-20 (0.5% (v/v)), peroxidase-conjugated human Fc-specific IgG (Sigma) was added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. Following further washing, quantification of Fc-MelLec binding was detected using ortho-phenylenediamine (OPD, Sigma) and H2O2 detection system (Merck). The reaction was stopped using 4% (v/v) H2SO4 and optical densities measured at 492 nm.
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8

Thermal Stability Assay for BfpR-His6

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DSF experiments were carried out as previously described (Niesen et al., 2007 (link)). Control heating and fluorescence record was done with CFX96 Realtime and C1000 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, California, US). Five micrometers BfpR-His6 was loaded into hard shell 96-well PCR plates with transparent film covers (Bio-Rad California, US), with 2X SYPRO Orange (Sigma, Missouri, US). Heat gradients were carried out to 95°C. Fluorescence was analyzed in the presence or absence of walrycin A (4-methoxy-1-naphthol), 7-methoxy-2-naphtol (Santa Cruz Biotech, California, US), or 1-naphthol (Sigma, Missouri, US). Unfolding at lower temperatures, relative to control samples, indicates destabilization.
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9

Enzyme Substrate Metabolism Assay

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Each enzyme substrate was dissolved in Williams’ E medium and incubated at 37°C in a shaker-incubator. For metabolism studies of UGTs and SULTs, the cells were incubated with 10 µM 1-naphthol or 10 µM nitrophenol (Sigma-Aldrich), respectively, for 15 min at 37°C. Then the dosing solution was collected; the cells were washed three times with ice-cold PBS and harvested for further drug analysis (see “Drug Metabolism Measurements” section).
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10

Tissue-Based Extraction of DOX and Asp-DOX

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The drug extraction procedure was modified from those previously described.21 (link) The tissue samples (100 mg each) were cut into small pieces. Saline (500 μL) and 100 μL of 2 mg/mL 1-naphthol (Sigma), as well as the internal standard, were added to all samples. Samples were then homogenized by a probe homogenizer (Sonifier 450; Branson Ultrasonics, Branson, Missouri USA). To extract DOX and Asp-DOX from the tissues, 1 mL methanol was added to 200 μL tissue homogenate and the mixture was vortexed for 1 min. Thereafter, the treated samples were centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 min at 4°C. The organic phase was separated and methanol treatment was repeated for the precipitate. The supernatant was collected and dried under a nitrogen stream. The dried samples were reconstituted with 200 μL mobile phase, vortexed for 1 min, and centrifuged for 5 min at 12 000 g at 4°C. After centrifugation, 40 μL supernatant was analyzed by HPLC/MS. The samples were kept at −80°C before HPLC analysis.
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