Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate FeCl3·6H2O and iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate FeCl2·6H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 3-aminoproplotrimethoxysilane (APTMS, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 2-bromopropionyl bromide (97%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), carbon disulfide (CS2, ≥ 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), potassium hydroxide (KOH, pure, Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland), triethylamine (Et3N, Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland), acryloyl chloride (96%, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) were used as received. The initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, ≥ 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), was recrystallized from methanol. N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL, > 98%, TCI, Tokyo, Japan) was recrystallized from hexane prior to use and stored in a freezer. N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm, 99 %, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) was recrystallized from toluene–hexane (60:40, v/v) prior to use. Potassium O-ethyl carbonodithioate (KSCSOEt) was synthesized according to the well-known procedure [11 (link)]. All organic solvents were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland) and were distilled before use.
Carbon disulfide cs2
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy, China
Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a colorless, volatile liquid chemical compound. It is commonly used as a solvent and as a raw material in various industrial processes. Carbon disulfide has a high degree of chemical reactivity and can be utilized in a range of laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
2 bromopropionyl bromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile aibn, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acryloyl chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate fecl3 6h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N isopropylacrylamide nipaam, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 phenoxyethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 carene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acenaphthene d10, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Styrene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium azide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterated chloroform cdcl3, by Eurisotop (1 mentions)
Tandem mass tag (tmt), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 propanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 octadecene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Octylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tungsten 6 chloride wcl6, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using carbon disulfide cs2
1
Synthesis of Functional Polymer Particles with Controlled Properties
2
Volatile Organic Compound Analysis Protocol
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Carbon disulfide (CS2) (>99.0% purity) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Merck) and was used without any preceding purification. Acenaphthene-D10 (99 atom % purity, Sigma Aldrich) was used as internal standard for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In the following, the quantified volatile compounds together with their supplier are provided: nonanal ≥98%, octanoic acid ≥98%, heptanal ≥98%, 2-nonanone ≥99%, 1-hexanol ≥99%, d -limonene ≥99.0%, 1-dodecene ≥99%, butanoic acid, 3-methyl 99%, ε-caprolactam 99%, hexanoic acid ≥99%, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ≥99.0%, benzyl alcohol ≥99.0%, cyclohexanone ≥99.0% (ACS reagent), 2-pentylfuran ≥98% (Thermo scientific), 2-propenamide ≥99.0%, 3-carene ≥98%, C7 – C30 saturated alkanes (Supelco), p-xylene ≥98.5% (VWR), and 2-phenoxyethanol ≥99% (Sigma-Aldrich). Prior to use, all glasswork was cleaned with water and acetone and dried at 105 °C for at least 2 h to avoid the presence of contaminations.
3
Styrene-based Polymer Synthesis Protocols
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Styrene (S) (≥99%), sodium azide (NaN3) (≥99%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
(≥99.9%), cyanomethyl dodecyl carbonotrithioate (CMDTC) (98%), n-hexane (Hex) (≥97%), carbon disulfide (CS2) (≥99.9%), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (≥98%) were
purchased from Merk (Sigma-Aldrich). 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
(DPPP) (>98%) and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DPPB) (>98%)
were
supplied by TCI. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (GPC grade) was purchased from
Scharlau. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (≥97%)
was purchased from Fisher Scientific. 2,3,4,5,6-PentafluoroStyrene
(PFS) (98%) and trimethylsilanol (Me3SiOH) (96.85%) were
purchased from BLDpharm. Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3)
(99.50% D, 0.03% TMS v/v) and deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-d8) (99.50% D, water <0.05%) were purchased from Eurisotop.
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents were used as received without
further purification. To remove the inhibitor, S and PFS were purified
by passing through a column packed with activated basic alumina.
(≥99.9%), cyanomethyl dodecyl carbonotrithioate (CMDTC) (98%), n-hexane (Hex) (≥97%), carbon disulfide (CS2) (≥99.9%), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (≥98%) were
purchased from Merk (Sigma-Aldrich). 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
(DPPP) (>98%) and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DPPB) (>98%)
were
supplied by TCI. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (GPC grade) was purchased from
Scharlau. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (≥97%)
was purchased from Fisher Scientific. 2,3,4,5,6-PentafluoroStyrene
(PFS) (98%) and trimethylsilanol (Me3SiOH) (96.85%) were
purchased from BLDpharm. Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3)
(99.50% D, 0.03% TMS v/v) and deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-d8) (99.50% D, water <0.05%) were purchased from Eurisotop.
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents were used as received without
further purification. To remove the inhibitor, S and PFS were purified
by passing through a column packed with activated basic alumina.
4
Olfactory Stimuli Characterization Protocol
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Olfactory stimulations with synthetic cues, predator urine and spices were used during calcium imaging and behavioral assays at the indicated dilutions. BA, mix of pyrazines (2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine), 2PT, TMT, SBT, carbon disulfide (CS2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa Aesar and Contech at the highest available purity or synthetized in-house15 (link),20 (link). Mt.Lion urine was obtained from PredatorPee and was previously analyzed for its fear-inducing properties20 (link). Commercial spices from McCormick or from local distributors were used as infused solution or as dry powders. For calcium imaging and standard two choices assay, liquid stocks of infused spices were previously prepared in double distilled sterile water (50%, weight/vol) during 1 h under constant agitation, filtered (0.22 μm) and stocked at 4 °C. Similar procedure was done for perfusion of powdered food for calcium imaging. For a two choices assay associated with STFP procedures, spices were used as dry powders freshly added to rodent’s powdered food (weight/weight)52 (link)–56 (link). They were coupled as tested paired spices (spice #1 vs. spice #2), in counterbalanced mode to avoid any innate preference13 (link); cinnamon (1%) vs. cocoa (2%), anise (1%) vs. oregano (2.4%), thyme (2%) vs. basil (1.4%) and nutmeg (1%) vs. ginger (1%).
5
Synthesis of Tungsten Nanocrystals
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Tungsten (VI) chloride (WCl6, 99.9%), 1-octadecene (C18H36 or ODE, 90%), oleyl amine (C17H33NH2 or OlAm, 70%), and octyl amine [CH3(CH2)6CH2NH2 or OctAm, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). All solvents used were anhydrous and of analytical grade. Chloroform, 2-propanol, and carbon disulfide (CS2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Italy). Dried acetone (max 0.0075% H2O) was purchased from SeccoSolv (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals and solvents were used as received without any further purification. OlAm and ODE were individually degassed at 80 °C for 1 h, then repeatedly purged with nitrogen and stored in a N2-protected glovebox prior to use.
6
Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Polymers
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The initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, MERCK) was recrystallized from chloroform. Monomer, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm, 99%, ACROS) was recrystallized from toluene-hexane (60:40, v/v), prior to use. 2-Bromopropionylbromide (97%, ALDRICH), carbon disulfide (CS2, ≥99.9%, SIGMA-ALDRICH), potassium hydroxide (KOH, Pure, AVANTOR), triethylamine (Et3N, AVANTOR), n-propylamine (99%, Riedel-de Haen AG), tributylphosphine (TBP, >90% GC, FLUKA), Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS, pH=7.4, GIBCO) and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, GIBCO) were used as received. All organic solvents were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials, Poland S.A., and were distilled prior to use.
7
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals
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Carbon disulfide (CS2, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich),
chloroform (CHCl3, 99.9%, Fisher), copper(II) chloride
dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich),
methylene blue (RICCA, surfactant analysis), 1-dodecanethiol (1-DDT,
98%, Aldrich), ethanol (EtOH, anhydrous, Decon), niobium(V) chloride
(NbCl5, 99%, Aldrich), selenium powder (Se, 99.99%, Aldrich),
1-octadecene (ODE, 90%, Aldrich), oleylamine (OLA, 70%, Aldrich),
and ammonium sulfide (aqueous (NH4)2S solution, 20–24%,
Alfa Aesar) were all used as received, without further purification.
Note . Standard Schlenk line techniques
were used for all syntheses. Inhalation of CS2 can cause
serious health problems, and therefore it is recommended to perform
all synthetic steps in a fume hood, wearing appropriate personal protective
equipment.
chloroform (CHCl3, 99.9%, Fisher), copper(II) chloride
dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich),
methylene blue (RICCA, surfactant analysis), 1-dodecanethiol (1-DDT,
98%, Aldrich), ethanol (EtOH, anhydrous, Decon), niobium(V) chloride
(NbCl5, 99%, Aldrich), selenium powder (Se, 99.99%, Aldrich),
1-octadecene (ODE, 90%, Aldrich), oleylamine (OLA, 70%, Aldrich),
and ammonium sulfide (aqueous (NH4)2S solution, 20–24%,
Alfa Aesar) were all used as received, without further purification.
were used for all syntheses. Inhalation of CS2 can cause
serious health problems, and therefore it is recommended to perform
all synthetic steps in a fume hood, wearing appropriate personal protective
equipment.
8
Alkaline Lignin Extraction from Corn Cob
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The alkaline lignin was obtained from the hydrothermally pretreated corn cob and provided from Shandong Longlive Bio-technology Co., Ltd, China. The general process for the lignin production has been detailed described in our previous paper (Yang et al., 2014) . In brief, the alkaline lignin was obtained from the hydrothermally pretreated corn cob. Phenol, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 1, 6-hexanediamine (HD), formaldehyde (HCHO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and carbon disulfide (CS2) and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Beijing, China).
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