Iu elite ultrasound system

All US examinations were performed by one radiologist (G.X.Y, with more than 5 years of experience in musculoskeletal US) using a 5–12 MHz transducer (Philips iU-Elite ultrasound system, Bothell, Wash). In this study, the CHL, rotator interval, and inferior glenohumeral (GH) capsule were scanned in sequence with patients sit in a chair. For assessment of CHL, the transducer was placed on the lateral border of the coracoid process to obtain a longitudinal image and to measure the thickness of the CHL (the thickest portion) with the shoulder in a neutral position and the forearm extended^{8 (link)}. The rotator interval was scrutinised with the patient’s fist held by the side to detect if there were any increased echotexture or increased vascularity by using grey-scale and color Doppler sonography^{17 (link)}. While the thickest portion of inferior capsule was measured on the axial plane with the shoulder in maximal abduction and neutral rotation^{7 (link)}.

B-mode ultrasonography, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), color power angiography (CPA), and ultrasonic elastosonography (USE) of Philips iU Elite Ultrasound System (Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) were used to estimate tumor growth, angiogenesis, micro-angiogenesis, and degree of hardness, respectively.

The Philips iU-Elite ultrasound system (Washington, USA), with L12–5 linear array transducer (Frequency range, 5–12 MHz) and L9–3 linear array transducer (Frequency range, 3–9 MHz), and Mindray Resona 7S (Shenzhen, China), with L14–5WU linear array transducer (Frequency range, 5–14 MHz) and L9–3U linear array transducer (Frequency range,3–9 MHz), were used for the whole procedure. The ultrasonic contrast agent in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is SonoVue (Milan, Italy, Bracco SpA), which was diluted with 5 mL of normal saline (NS) and shaken well before use, with low mechanical index (0.06) pulse reverse harmonic imaging system in the examination. The multimodal ultrasound images of the lymph nodes such as size, internal echo, cystic necrosis, calcification, surrounding soft-tissue echo, color-flow Doppler Imaging (CDFI), which was mainly divided into avascular, peripheral, hilar, and mixe (6 (link)), elastographyic score and CEUS patterns were recorded and stored. These data of the largest lymph node were analyzed and classified by the same two senior radiologists with more than 10 years of experience.

To examine the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), a LIFU instrument was used to stimulate the PPCu at the following intensities: 0 W/cm², 3 W/cm² and 8 W/cm². Then, the change in PPCu was observed through an optical microscope (Olympus DP70, Canada). For the observation of CEUS scans, degassed water and PPCu (5 mg/mL) were loaded into a gel mold (3% agar w/v in distilled water), and subsequent US with an intensity of 8 W/cm² released by the LIFU probe was used to elicit ADV. B-mode imaging and CEUS of the PPCu were realized using a Philips iU Elite Ultrasound System (Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) with a linear probe. For in vivo experiments, PPCu were injected into veins, and US imaging was performed 24 h later.

The transvaginal ultrasound examination was carried out using Philips IU Elite Ultrasound System, equipped with a transvaginal probe, to measure the CL and conduct cervical elastography. The probe was carefully inserted into the anterior fornix of the vagina to achieve a sagittal view of the cervix. The CL was identified as the distance between the internal and external cervical os, ensuring no pressure was applied to the cervix during the measurement.
Elastography was conducted by applying external pressure to the anterior lip of the cervix, using gentle and rhythmic movements. The procedure utilized a green elastic scale specifically designed for strain image acquisition. This scale, displaying a strain range from 0 to 1, transitioned in color from blue to red, indicative of tissue stiffness to softness, respectively. This aided in calculating tissue deformation. Four specific regions of interest (ROIs) were identified on the cervix: the anterior lip of the internal os (AI), the posterior lip of the internal os (PI), the anterior lip of the external os (AE), and the posterior lip of the external os (PE). The average strain was then determined for each of these ROIs.