Human hela

Human HeLa were obtained from the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection and were maintained in DMEM plus 10% FBS at 37°C under humidified conditions and 5% CO₂.

Wild-type MEF (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) and Fto^−/− MEF cell lines were obtained from Prof. Arne Klungland. Spontaneously immortalized clonal MEF cell lines were established from individual E13.5-E15.5 days-old embryos obtained from heterozygous Fto^+/− crossings. Limbs were removed and remaining tissue chopped into small pieces and homogenized into single-cell suspension using a pipette. MEFs are grown in DMEM with 10% serum, 2 mM glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin. Cells grown for 4–7 days were trypsinized and frozen in complete medium with 10% DMSO as stock. Cells are grown in complete medium for 2–4 days before using them for following analysis. Human HeLa, HepG2, HEK293T, Mel624, and 3T3-L1 cell lines were purchased from ATCC. The aforementioned cells were maintained in DMEM (Gibco, #11965) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, 10438–026) and 1× Pen/Strep (Gibco, 15140) at 37°C with 5% CO₂. FTO stable knockdown and the knockdown control AML cells were obtained from Prof. Jianjun Chen and cultured as previously reported (Li et al., 2017 (link)).