RMR was measured using a computerized open-flow respirometry system (Sable Systems, USA). Air was pumped at a rate of 600–850 ml/min through a cylindrical sealed Perspex chamber, where the flow ensured adequate mixing. Gases leaving the chamber were dried (silica gel) and directed through the oxygen analyzer (FC-10A, Sable Systems) at a flow rate of 150–175 ml/min. Output from the oxygen analyzer (%) was digitized using an analogue-to-digital converter (STD-UI2, Sable systems) and recorded on a personal computer using EXPEDATA data acquisition software (Sable Systems). The sampling interval was 10 s. Measurements were made at 30 ± 0.5 °C within the thermoneutral zone48 . On day 17 of lactation, RMR was measured for 2 hours, and was calculated from the lowest rate of oxygen consumption over 5 min using the equation: VO2 = FR (FiO2-FeO2)/(1- FiO2 × (1-RQ)), where FR is the flow rate in ml/min, FiO2 and FeO2 are the fractional concentration of O2 entering and leaving the chamber, respectively. RQ is a respiratory quotient of 0.8549 50 51 .
Fc 10a
Manufactured by Sable Systems
The FC-10A is a flow control device that regulates the flow rate of gases. It is capable of precisely controlling the flow of various gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The device features a digital display and intuitive controls for easy adjustment and monitoring of the flow rate.
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2 protocols using fc 10a
1
Measuring Resting Metabolic Rate in Lactating Animals
2
Cardiac and Respiratory Monitoring Protocol
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The ECG was recorded at 1 kHz, amplified and filtered using a bioamplifier and data acquisition unit (PowerLab system, ADInstruments), and used as a measure of mean fH. Instantaneous fH was calculated from RRi on the ECG waveform and used to obtain the sequence of intervals required for derivation of HRV, as described in the following sections.
To record the incidence and volume of air breaths, a Fleisch tube (pneumotachograph) connected to a differential pressure transducer [adapted from Glass et al. (52 )] was connected to the open end of the funnel. The air chamber was continuously flushed at 400 ml min−1 via a mass flow controller (Sable Systems International). The excurrent air passed through columns of Drierite (Sigma-Aldrich) and an O2 analyzer (FC-10A; Sable Systems International). All signals were recorded continuously by a data acquisition system (ADInstruments) and used to calculate the frequency of air breaths (fR) and O2 uptake per breath.
To record the incidence and volume of air breaths, a Fleisch tube (pneumotachograph) connected to a differential pressure transducer [adapted from Glass et al. (52 )] was connected to the open end of the funnel. The air chamber was continuously flushed at 400 ml min−1 via a mass flow controller (Sable Systems International). The excurrent air passed through columns of Drierite (Sigma-Aldrich) and an O2 analyzer (FC-10A; Sable Systems International). All signals were recorded continuously by a data acquisition system (ADInstruments) and used to calculate the frequency of air breaths (fR) and O2 uptake per breath.
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