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7 protocols using l 732 138

1

Chemical Agents for Neuroscience Research

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ω-Agatoxin, AM-0902, AMG9810, AZ-628, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, 6-Bnz-cAMP, 8-Br-cAMP, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CE3F4, 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP sodium salt (CPTOMe-cAMP), ω-conotoxin (CTX) MVIIC, [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), ESI-05, ESI-09, diltiazem, forskolin, gabapentin, guanfacine, H89, HJC0350, ifenprodil, KT5720, L-732,138, MK-801, ML-786, NKH-477, (2R/S)-6-PNG, protein kinase inhibitor 14–22 (PKI 14–22), SNX-482, SQ22536, Torin-2, U0126 and U-73122 were from Tocris (Ellisville, MO). Baclofen and capsazepine were from Research Biochemicals International (RBI, now Sigma-Aldrich). Bovine serum albumin, cyanquixaline (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) (CNQX), complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), ketamine, lidocaine, Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 2 and common reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich. Matrigel was from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Fura2-AM, nerve growth factor, neurobasal media, NuPAGE Tris-Acetate SDS gels, NuPAGE reagents and Pierce™ Protein-Free T20 (TBS) blocking buffer were from Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY. Halt™ Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit were from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Fetal bovine serum was from Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA. Drugs were prepared as stock solutions of 1–10 mM in DMSO or water and then diluted in aCSF.
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2

Intrathecal Drug Administration in Rats

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The lumbar catheterization was performed as previously described (Størkson et al., 1996 (link); Chen et al., 2014 (link)). Briefly, under isoflurane (4%) anesthesia, a midline incision was made to expose the intervertebral space between L5 and L6. After a clear exposure, a polyethylene-10 catheter (0.28 mm i.d. and 0.61 mm o.d., Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) was inserted into the subarachnoid space and pushed rostrally to terminate at the level of L4–L5 spinal segments. Then the PE-10 tube was tunneled under the skin and the incisions were sutured. Three days after catheterization, 10 μl of lidocaine (2%; followed by 10 μl saline for flushing) was injected into the catheter to test the successful insertion. Rats with signs of bilateral hind limbs paralysis immediately after lidocaine injection were selected for further experiments. All rats were housed separately to recover for 5–7 days. The following drugs were administered in this study, EM2 (No. E3148; Sigma-Aldrich), SP (No. 1156; Tocris) and L-732138, (NK1R antagonist, No. 0868; Tocris). The drugs were dissolved in sterile saline and administered intrathecally in a volume of 10 μl solution followed by 10 μl saline for flushing.
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3

Neuroinflammation Modulation Assays

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Aβ, atropine sulphate, carbachol, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), guanethidine monosulphate, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PEA and PBS were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). L-NAME, L-732,138, GR159897, SB218795, SP and TTX were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, United Kingdom).
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4

Airway Extravasation Response Mechanisms

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Four series of experiments were carried out. Series 1 aimed to determine if airway extravasation was generated by the increase of tracheal temperature (Ttr) induced by the HWA challenge; and to compare the responses between control and Ova-sensitized rats. Both control and sensitized rats were divided into two groups (n=6 in each group) for HWA and HRA challenges. Series 2: To investigate the role of the endogenous tachykinins, the HWA-induced extravasation responses in Ova-sensitized rats were compared between a control group (pretreated with vehicle) and a group pretreated with a combination of L-732138 (6 mg/kg iv; Tocris, Ellisville, MO), a selective NK-1 antagonist, and SR-48968 (1 mg/kg iv; Sanofi Recherche, Montpellier, France), a selective NK-2 antagonist 20 min earlier. Series 3: To determine the relative contributions of NK-1 and NK-2 receptors, the HWA-induced extravasation responses were compared between two groups of Ova-sensitized rats pretreated with L-732138 alone and SR-48968 alone, respectively, 20 min earlier. Series 4: To study the role of β2 adrenoceptors, the HWA-induced extravasation responses were determined in Ova-sensitized rats pretreated with formoterol (10 µg/kg iv; Sigma-Aldrich), a selective β2 agonist, 60 min earlier.
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5

NK1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment in LRHF Rats

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A subcohort of LRHF task rats was treated for four weeks while resting with a selective NK1RA (L732,138, Tocris Bioscience, R&D, Minneapolis, MN) at 5 mg/kg body weight in 50 µl of 95% ethanol in saline (dose determined from[20 ,21 (link)]). This dose was injected, i.p., 3x/week during the four week rest period. Subcohorts of FRC rats were either left untreated, or were treated for four weeks with the NK1RA drug or its vehicle (50 µl of 95% ethanol, i.p.) at matched time points as treated LRHF rats.
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6

Receptor Binding Assay Protocols

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SP, HK-1, and NKA were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company. L732138 and GR159897 were purchased from Tocris. Rosiglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone, 15d-PGJ2 and GW 9662 were purchased from Cayman Chemicals.
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7

Effects of Substance P on Cell Proliferation

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mEERL, MOC7, SCC1, SCC47, and Trp53−/−Pten−/− cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 5000 cells per well in complete media overnight. Cells were then serum starved for 24 hours before being treated with various concentrations of SP (0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 nM) (Sigma-Aldrich, acetate salt hydrate, catalog no. S6883) for 24 or 48 hours. In studies including the NK1R antagonist, cells were pretreated with various concentrations (0, 20, 40, 40, 80, and 100 μM) of NK1R antagonist, L-732,138 (Tocris Bioscience), for 10 min before the addition of 100 nM of SP. Following incubation, wells were treated with Celltiter 96 MTT reagent (CellTiter 96Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay, catalog no. G3582) for 4 hours. Optical densities (ODs) were measured using a Spectramax plate reader at 490 nm. Changes in proliferation was defined as OD (treatment)/OD (control).
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