Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate anhydrous

Minimum essential medium with Earl's salt and L-glutamine, RPMI 1640 medium with L-glutamine, fetal bovine serum, Pen-Strep (10 000 U/ml penicillin, 10 mg/ml streptomycin), trypsin 10× were supplied by GIBCO, Invitrogen (Auckland, New Zealand). JC-1 was purchased from Molecular Probes, Invitrogen (Oregon, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hydrochloric acid 37%, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and 2-propanol were purchased from Merck (Hohenbrunn, Germany). Ethylene glycolbis(aminoethylether)-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, disodium hydrogen orthophosphate anhydrous, sucrose and Tris were purchased Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK). Thiazoyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Ohio, USA). Saline (0.9% sodium chloride) was obtained from Duopharma Sdn. Bhd. (Selangor, Malaysia). Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany). Protein assay dye reagent concentrate was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (California, USA). Complex I, Complex II, Complex IV and ATP synthase enzyme activity microplate assay kit were purchased from MitoSciences (Oregon, USA).

Strong white flour was purchased from Tesco (Chesthunt, UK), buckwheat flour from Arrowhead Mills, Inc. (Boulder, CO), hemp flour from Yorkshire Hemp Ltd. (Driffield, UK), fava bean flour from The Barry Farm (Wapakoneta, OH), green pea flour from Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods (Milwaukie, OR), and lupin flour from Terrena Lup Ingredients (Martigne Ferchaud, France). The macronutrient composition of all flours sourced from the corresponding product labels is presented in Table1. Rapeseed organic oil was obtained from the local supermarket (Tesco). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Protein Quantification kit were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (Dorset, UK). Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate anhydrous were provided by Fisher Scientific International Inc. (Loughborough, UK) and sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate 1-hydrate was purchased from British Drug Houses Chemicals (Philadelphia, PA). Laemmli sample buffer, Tris/Glycine/SDS running buffer, Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 staining and destaining solutions, 2-mercaptoethanol, prestained SDS-PAGE standards (broad range), and precast gels were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. (Hemel Heampstead, UK). All reagents used were of analytical grade.