Ifnλ3

Interictal samples were collected at day 7 from the last seizure attack. The plasma was harvested within 30 min at 37 °C of venipuncture from EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples and stored at −80 °C for subsequent cytokine analysis. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ, GM-CSF, TNFα (Bio-Rad, USA), IL-17a (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), IL-1β (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria), IL1Ra (Cytoscreen, Biosource, Belgium), IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, IFNλ4 (eBioscience, CA, USA), and IL-23 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were measured by ELISA according to manufacturers’ instruction [16 (link)–20 (link)]. CSF concentrations of IL-6, IFNγ, IFNλ3 and IL-17a were measured using human cytoline/chemokine MILLIplex kits (Millipore Corp, Billerica, MA, USA) [21 (link)]. ELISAs were performed in duplicate.

Blood samples were collected by venipuncture into EDTA-anticoagulation vials. Plasma was harvested from the collected samples within 30 min and stored at −80 °C for subsequent cytokine analysis. Concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ, GM-CSF, TNFα (all antibodies from Bio-Rad, USA), IL-17a (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), IL-1β (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria), IL1Ra (Cytoscreen, Biosource, Belgium), IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, IFNλ4 (eBioscience, CA, USA), and IL-23 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were measured by ELISA according to manufacturers’ instruction16 (link)22 (link)23 (link). ELISAs were performed in duplicate.