2 2 2 trifluoroethanol

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol is a colorless, volatile, and high-purity organic compound. It has the chemical formula C2H3F3O. This compound is used as a specialty chemical in various industrial and research applications.

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2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) (29 citations) Trifluoroethanol (20 citations) Solvent 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) (2 citations) Ammonium bicarbonate (ABC),2,2,2,-trifluoroethanol(TFE), (2 citations)

41 protocols using 2 2 2 trifluoroethanol

Brain Tissue Proteome Extraction

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Brain tissues were freeze-crushed using a multi-beads shocker (Yasui Kikai, Osaka, Japan), and proteins were extracted with a lysis buffer consisting of 4% SDS, 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.5), 10 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, 40 mM 2-chloroacetamide, and HALT protease/phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The proteins were precipitated by adding 4 volumes of cold acetone, reconstituted with 10% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate, and digested overnight with LysC (100:1, w/w; FUJIFILM Wako, Osaka, Japan) and trypsin (100:1, w/w; Promega, Madison, WI). The resulting peptides were desalted using InertSep RP-C18 columns (GL Sciences, Tokyo, Japan).

Tsumagari K., Sato Y., Shimozawa A., Aoyagi H., Okano H, & Kuromitsu J. (2022). Co-expression network analysis of human tau-transgenic mice reveals protein modules associated with tau-induced pathologies. iScience, 25(8), 104832.

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Osteogenic Nanofibrous Implant Coating

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The test implants (Lynx, Equinox, Netherlands) of size 2 mm diameter X 5 mm length were coated with osteogenic nanofibres composed of composite blend of polycaprolactone 5.0% (w/v) (Sigma Aldrich, USA), gelatin type A 0.5% (w/v) (Sigma Aldrich, USA), dexamethasone 0.032% (w/v) (HiMedia, India), β-glycerophosphate 0.5% (w/v) (HiMedia, India), ascorbic acid 0.04% (w/v) (HiMedia, India) and hydroxyapatite 0.04% (w/v) (Budenheim, Germany) in 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (Sigma Aldrich, USA). Uncoated titanium screw type implants were used as controls. The fabrication of osteogenic nanofibrous coating on the surface of the implants by electrospinning technique was performed by placing the titanium screw (attached to the rotating shaft of DC motor) in between the syringe tip and collector plate (Fig. 2). The modification of electrospinning apparatus for fabricating nanofibrous coating and its subsequent physico-chemical characterization has been described in detail in our previous study^{24 (link)}.

Das S., Dholam K., Gurav S., Bendale K., Ingle A., Mohanty B., Chaudhari P, & Bellare J.R. (2019). Accentuated osseointegration in osteogenic nanofibrous coated titanium implants. Scientific Reports, 9, 17638.

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Protein Digestion Protocol

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Trypsin, for protein digestion, was purchased from Promega Inc. (Vienna, Austria). Methanol (MeOH), ACN, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol, formic acid (FA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), iodoacetamide (IAA), triethylammonium bicarbonate (TEAB), and dithiothreitol were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). Digestion of hCG formulations was performed using the routine approach described in earlier publications 10.

Panić‐Janković T, & Mitulović G. (2019). Human chorionic gonadotrophin pharmaceutical formulations of urinary origin display high levels of contaminant proteins–A label‐free quantitation proteomics study. Electrophoresis, 40(11), 1622-1629.

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Maraviroc Fiber Electrospinning

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Maraviroc was purchased through the University of Washington’s Investigative Drug Services facility followed by purification and recrystallization from Selzentry^® (ViiV Healthcare) [2 ]. Metronidazole, EC (22 cP at 5% in toluene/ethanol (80:20) and 48% ethoxyl content), PVP (M_W ~1,300 kDa), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (>99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 100% ethanol (USP grade) was purchased from the University of Washington’s Biochemistry supplies store. Glycerol was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). All fibers were electrospun from a total solution volume of 500 µL per run and collected onto a stationary collector. See supplementary for electrospinning procedures.

Ball C., Chou S.F., Jiang Y, & Woodrow K.A. (2016). Coaxially electrospun fiber-based microbicides facilitate broadly tunable release of maraviroc. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 63, 117-124.

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Polycaprolactone-Based Biotherapeutic Formulation

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Polycaprolactone (80 kDa, Mn), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, potassium phosphate monobasic and dibasic, and polysorbate 20 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Polydimethylsiloxane, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and L-histidine were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). D-(+)-trehalose was obtained from VWR International, Inc. (Radnor, PA). Ranibizumab (Lucentis®, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) was obtained from the UCSF Department of Ophthalmology.

Lance K.D., Bernards D.A., Ciaccio N.A., Good S.D., Mendes T., Kudisch M., Chan E., Ishikiriyama M., Bhisitkul R.B, & Desai T.A. (2016). In Vivo and In Vitro Sustained Release of Ranibizumab from a Nanoporous Thin Film Device. Drug delivery and translational research, 6(6), 771-780.

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Synthesis of Electrolyte Components

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Potassium hydroxide (≥85%), sodium
sulfate (anhydrous), sodium hydride (60%, in mineral oil), 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol
(97%), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (99%), 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DMC
(50:50 v/v, battery grade), diethylene glycol (99%), triethylene glycol
(99%), tetraethylene glycol (99%), diglyme (anhydrous), α,α,α-trifluorotoluene
(99%), tetraglyme (anhydrous), and 4 Å molecular sieves were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone (99.5%), tetrahydrofuran (certified
grade, with 0.025% butylated hydroxytoluene as a preservative), dichloromethane
(99.5%), hexanes (98.5%), ethyl acetate (99.5%), and methanol (99.8%)
were purchased from Fisher. Lithium foil (750 μm thick), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (98%), and triglyme (99%) were
purchased from Alfa Aesar. Lithium perchlorate (99%), lithum bis(fluorosulfonyl)
amide (99%), and pentaethylene glycol (95%) were purchased from Oakwood
Chemical. Deuterated acetonitrile (≥99.8 atom % D) and deuterated
chloroform (≥99.8 atom % D) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope
Laboratories. All solvents used for preparing electrolytes were dried
by 4 Å molecular sieves overnight inside an argon-filled glovebox
(VigorTech, O₂ and H₂O < 1 ppm). LiFSA salt
was vacuum-dried at 120 °C overnight in a heated glovebox antechamber
before use and was not exposed to air at any time. Other chemicals
were used as received.

Ma P., Mirmira P, & Amanchukwu C.V. (2021). Effect of Building Block Connectivity and Ion Solvation on Electrochemical Stability and Ionic Conductivity in Novel Fluoroether Electrolytes. ACS Central Science, 7(7), 1232-1244.

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Glycoproteomics Analysis Protocol

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The Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, United States). The BCA assay kit was purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). Dithiothreitol (DTT, 3483–12–3), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE, 99%, 75–89–8), acetaldehyde-¹³C2 (¹³CH₃¹³CHO, 99 atom % 13C, 1632–98–0), acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO, 99%, 75–07–0), sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH₃CN, 25,895–60–7), ammonia solution (NH₄OH, 7664–41–7), acetonitrile (ACN, 75–05–8), formic acid (FA, 64–18–6), trypsin, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Ultra-pure water was obtained on-site using the Millipore Simplicity System (Billerica, MA, United States). Ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) was purchased from Sangon Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). ZIC-HILIC particles were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA United States). PNGase F was purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, United States).

Zhou Y., Cai X., Wu L, & Lin N. (2022). Comparative glycoproteomics study on the surface of SKOV3 versus IOSE80 cell lines. Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 1010642.

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Oligodendrocyte Lineage Study Protocol

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Polycaprolactone (PCL, Mw: 80,000), 3, 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA), Dnase I, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol (TFE, ≥99.0%), 10% formalin, Triton X-100 and fluoromount were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. LIVE/DEAD® cell viability kit, Alexa-Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse, Alexa-Fluor 568 goat anti-rabbit antibodies, scramble miR, miR-219, miR-338-3p and miR-338-5p mimics were purchased from Life Technologies. TransIT-TKO was purchased from MirusBio. 1× Tris-EDTA (TE, PH = 7.4) was purchased from 1st Base, Singapore. RNeasy mini kit was purchased from Qiagen. M-MLV reverse transcriptase was purchased from Promega. IQ SYBR Green Supermix was purchased from Bio-Rad. All primers were purchased from AITbiotech, Singapore. Rabbit anti-NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (AB5320), rabbit anti-oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) (AB9610), mouse anti-receptor interacting protein (RIP) (MAB1580) and mouse anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) (MAB387) antibodies were purchased from Merck. Small ribonucleic acid and 488-labeled double stranded oligonucleotides (ODN), both of similar size as miR (i.e. 21–23 bp), were purchased from AITbiotech. All other reagents were purchased from Invitrogen.

Diao H.J., Low W.C., Milbreta U., Lu Q.R, & Chew S.Y. (2015). Nanofiber-mediated microRNA delivery to enhance differentiation and maturation of oligodendroglial precursor cells. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 208, 85-92.

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Fabrication of PCL-β-CD Nanocomposite

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Poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL with a MW of 70,000–90,000 Da, β-Cyclodextrin reagent grade and CM Sephadex C-25 were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); Acetone, 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE), dimethylformamide (DMF) dichlormethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All of them were purchased from JT Baker (Ecatepec, México State, México), and used without further purification. The cyclodextrin prior its use was dried in an oven vacuum at 80 °C for 24 h.

Moyers-Montoya E., García-Casillas P., Vargas-Requena C., Escobedo-González R., Martel-Estrada S.A, & Martínez-Pérez C.A. (2016). Polycaprolactone/Amino-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Prepared by an Electrospinning Technique. Polymers, 8(11), 395.

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Fabrication of PCL/PLA Nanofiber Mats

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Polycaprolactone (PCL, Mn = 70,000–90,000, Sigma-Aldrich) and poly-l-lactide acid (PLA, Mw = 150,000, Natureplast) were dissolved in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) at concentrations of c_PCL = 100 mg/ml and c_PLA = 50 mg/ml for the apical layer and c_PCL = 200 mg/ml and c_PLA = 100 mg/ml for the basal layer. Polymer blends were kept on a stirrer overnight to ensure homogenous solutions. Two-layer fiber mats (PCL/PLA 100/50 and PCL/PLA 200/100) were fabricated on a customized electrospinning machine (Zernetsch et al., 2016 (link)). A syringe pump fitted with a blunt needle applied a constant flow rate of 3 ml/h (diameter = 0.8 mm). The distance between the needle and rotating drum collector (diameter = 150 mm) was kept at 250 mm, and the applied voltage was 25 kV. Each layer was spun at 250 rpm for 1 h.

Vonbrunn E., Mueller M., Pichlsberger M., Sundl M., Helmer A., Wallner S.A., Rinner B., Tuca A.C., Kamolz L.P., Brislinger D., Glasmacher B, & Lang-Olip I. (2020). Electrospun PCL/PLA Scaffolds Are More Suitable Carriers of Placental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Than Collagen/Elastin Scaffolds and Prevent Wound Contraction in a Mouse Model of Wound Healing. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 604123.

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