The contents of lactose, lactulose, and galactose were determined by HPLC using a Shimadzu LC-10A system equipped with an LC-10AD pump (Shimadzu Corporation Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan), an RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu Corporation), and a C-R7A integrator (Shimadzu Corporation) under the following conditions: column, Polyspher CHPB column (7.9 mm φ × 300 mm; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); guard column, Polyspher CHPB column (4 mm φ × 50 mm; Merck KGaA); column temperature, 80 °C; mobile phase, distilled water; and flow rate, 0.4 mL/min. The sample volume applied was 10 μL. Degradation products formed in the reaction were analyzed by HPLC using a JASCO LC system equipped with an 880-PU pump (JASCO Corporation Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), a UV-970 ultraviolet/visible detector, an RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu Corporation), and an 807-IT integrator (JASCO) under the following conditions: column, Polyspher OAKC (7.8 mm φ × 300 mm; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); guard column, Polyspher OAKC column (4 mm φ × 50 mm; Merck KGaA); column temperature, 40 °C; mobile phase, 1 mM phosphoric acid; flow rate, 0.4 mL/min; and UV wavelength, 210 nm. The sample volume applied was 50 μL.
Rid 6a refractive index detector
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The RID-6A is a refractive index detector manufactured by Shimadzu. It is designed to measure the refractive index of liquids flowing through the instrument. The RID-6A provides precise and stable measurements, making it a useful tool for various analytical applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lc 10ad pump, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
C r7a integrator, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Polyspher chpb column, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lc 10a system, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
880 pu pump, by Jasco (1 mentions)
807 it integrator, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Lc 10advp pump, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Hi plex h, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
0.45 μm ptfe filter, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Nicolet is5, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ecx 500, by JEOL (1 mentions)
7 protocols using rid 6a refractive index detector
1
HPLC Analysis of Carbohydrates in Food
2
Quantifying Glucose and Fructose by HPLC
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The reaction mixtures were diluted 180-200-fold with distilled water and then centrifuged for 3 min at 13,500 × G at 1 °C. D-Glucose and D-fructose contents in the supernatants were determined by HPLC. The sugar isomers were separated with a Shim-pack SCR-101C SCR (C) column (7.9 φ × 300 mm, 4 φ × 50 mm; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) at 80 °C. The mobile phase was distilled water, introduced at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample volume applied was 10 μL. An LC-10A instrument, equipped with an RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu), was used for detection.
3
HPLC Analysis of Sugar Molecules
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Sugar molecules of the DS sample were analyzed using a Shimadzu high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Shimadzu, Japan) along with a Shimadzu LC-9A liquid chromatograph pump (Shimadzu, Japan), and a RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu, Japan) along with a data processing system (Nelson Analytical Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA). An aliquot (5 µL) of the filtered liquid was injected into an SCR-101N column of the HPLC system. A mixture of water and acetonitrile with a ratio of 20:80 and at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min−1 was employed as the mobile phase to obtain high-resolution peaks of glucose, sucrose, and fructose. The runtime was 20 min and temperatures of both the detector and column were kept constant (60 °C). Standard solutions of glucose, sucrose, and fructose were used to prepare the calibration curves. The retention times of the peaks were compared with that of the standards injected at the same HPLC condition and quantified according to the regression equation, which was obtained from the standard samples [19 (link)].
4
Quantifying Sugars in Wastewater
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The wastewater samples were suitably diluted with distilled water and filtered through a 0.45 μm PTFE filter (Waters, Milford, MA). Then, the effluent filtrates were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for the determination of glucose and fructose. The HPLC system was equipped with a LC-10Advp pump (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and a RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu). The separation was achieved on an Agilent HI-plex H (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) column by isocratic elution with ultrapure water at 65 °C. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min and the injection volume 10 μL. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate. Quantification was performed by linear regression analysis using external calibration curves for glucose (g/L) and fructose (g/L). Total soluble sugar content (g/L) in the effluents was determined spectrophotometrically by the phenol-sulfuric acid method and expressed as glucose equivalents (g/L) [21 (link)].
5
Polymer Characterization by Chromatography
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Gel permeation chromatography (Shimadzu LC-10AD chromatograph equipped with three polystyrene gel columns (Shodex A-80M × 2 and KF-802.5) and a Shimadzu RID-6A refractive index detector) was used to determine the molecular weight (eluent: THF, flow rate: 1.0 mL min−1, 40 °C, polystyrene calibration). An NMR spectrometer (JEOL ECX-500, Japan) was used to determine the composition ratio of the copolymers and characterize the monomers (solvent: CDCl3). An FT-IR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Nicolet iS5) was used to determine the completion of the desilylation reaction. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (Seiko Instruments Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan; Zeiss Co. Ltd., Oberkochen, Germany) was used to record images of the membranes. Thermogravimetric analysis (Rigaku TG-DTA 8078G1 analyzer, Japan) was used to determine the thermal stability (heating rate: 10 °C min−1, nitrogen atmosphere). A gas permeation instrument (Tsukuba Rikaseiki K-315-N) was used to measure the gas permeability coefficients (P) of the membranes, which were calculated based on the slope of the steady-state region of the time–pressure curves. The gas diffusion coefficients (D) were calculated from the equation D = l2/(6θ), where l is the membrane thickness and θ is the time lag. The gas solubility coefficients (S) were calculated using the equation S = P/D.
6
HPLC Analysis of Lactose, Lactulose, and Galactose
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The reaction mixtures were diluted 60– 180-fold with distilled water and then centrifuged for 3 min at 13,500 × G at 1 °C. The lactose, lactulose, and galactose contents in the supernatants were determined by HPLC using a Shimadzu LC-10A system with a LC-10AD pump (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu Corporation), and C-R7A integrator (Shimadzu Corporation) under the following conditions: column, Polyspher CHPB column (7.9 φ × 300 mm; Merck KGaA, guard column, Polyspher CHPB column (4 φ × 50 mm; Merck KGaA); column temperature, 80 °C; mobile phase, distilled water; and flow rate, 0.4 mL/min. The sample volume applied was 10 μL.
7
Characterizing Hyaluronic Acid Size Fractions
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The average molar mass (MM) of the f-HAs was determined by size exclusion chromatography using a gel filtration column (Polysep-GFC-P6000, 7.8 mm × 300 mm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) coupled to a Shimadzu RID-6A refractive index detector (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Briefly, 20 μL of (0.01 g/L) free HA at pH 7.4 was injected using NaNO3 (0.1 M) as a mobile phase at 1.0 mL min−1 and a temperature of 25 °C. HA analytical standards (Hyalose, Oklahoma, OK, USA) with MM ranging from 50 to 1000 kDa were correlated with retention time using Equation (2):
The MM distribution was calculated considering Equation (2) and the area under the curves of the chromatographic peaks relative to 106, 105, and 104 Da. The free HAs were classified according to the average MM as high MM (H-MM)—richer in the 106 and 105 Da fractions; intermediate MM (I-MM), richer in the 105 Da; and low MM (L-MM), which was richer in 104 Da fractions.
The MM distribution was calculated considering Equation (2) and the area under the curves of the chromatographic peaks relative to 106, 105, and 104 Da. The free HAs were classified according to the average MM as high MM (H-MM)—richer in the 106 and 105 Da fractions; intermediate MM (I-MM), richer in the 105 Da; and low MM (L-MM), which was richer in 104 Da fractions.
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