Culture media and supplements

Culture media and supplements were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Antibodies were obtained from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel). Sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) [³H]uridine was purchased from PerkinElmer (Norwalk, CT, United States). FPMINT and its analogues were purchased from TopScience (Shanghai, China). Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States).

Culture media and supplements were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Bovine serum albumin, HepG2 and HEK293T cells were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyclonal primary antibody against SCD5 was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Actin-specific polyclonal antibody and secondary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Human tissue RNAs were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and Zyagen Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA). All chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade. All experiments and measurements were carried out by using Millipore ultrapure water.

Culture media and supplements were purchased from Gibco. Chemical reagents and chemical inhibitors were purchased from Sigma and Calbiochem, respectively. TLR ligands, including poly I:C (tlr-pic), cl097 (tlrl-c97-5), ODN2395 (tlrl-2395), Pam3CSK4 (tlrl-pms), and LPS (tlrl-3pelps) were purchased from InvivoGen. Murine or human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and ELISA Kits (TNF, IL-6, IFN-λ2/3, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and IP-10) was obtained from R&D Systems. Anti-phospho-TBK1 (#5483), anti-TBK1 (#3504), anti-phospho-IRF3 (#4947), anti-IRF3 (#4302), anti-phospho-IκBα (#9246), and anti-IκBα (#4814) Abs were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. TLR3 antibody (#GTX20260) and TLR7 antibody (#NBP2-24906) were purchased from Genetex and Novus Biologicals. TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor (#614310) was purchased from Calbiochem Merck Millipore. The transfection reagents used were as follows: ON-TARGETplus Non-targeting Control Pool (Dharmacon, D-001810-10-50), ON-TARGETplus Human TLR3 siRNA-SMARTpool (Dharmacon, L-007745-00-0020), HiPerFect Transfection Reagent (Qiagen, 301707), human CLEC18 siRNA#1 (Qiagen, SI03231088), human CLEC18 siRNA#2 (Qiagen, SI04149502), AllStars Negative Control siRNA (Qiagen, 1027280), and AllStars Neg.siRNA AF 488 (Qiagen, 1027289).

Reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA), tissue culture flasks and dishes were from Falcon Orange Scientific (Graignette Business Park, Belgium) and NEST Biotechnology (Wuxi, China), culture media and supplements were from Gibco BRL (Carlsbad, CA, USA).