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23 protocols using nis elements advanced research

1

Quantifying Nuclear Localization of MPK-1

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For all imaging, animals were mounted live in M9 buffer containing 2% tetramisole on slides with a 3% agar pad. DIC/Nomarski optics and fluorescence microscopy were captured using a Nikon A1si confocal microscope with 488, 561nm lasers (Figs. 2345; Figs. S1,2) or CSU-W1 spinningdisc confocal laser microscope with 488, 561nm lasers and Photometrics Prime BSI camera (Figs.
6, 7; Figs. S3,4). Slides prepared for the spinning-disc time-lapse captured were sealed with VALAP to prevent animals from drying out. Captured images were processed using NIS Elements Advanced research, version 4.40 (Nikon). Additional deconvolution processing was performed on all time-lapse images within the Nikon Elements software utilizing the 3-D Richardson-Lucy algorithm over 35 iterations.
To determine relative levels of nuclear localization of MPK-1, animals were imaged in 10minute intervals 24 hours post synchronization. Following deconvolution (above), fluorescent intensity measurements for both MPK-1::mKate2 and mNeonGreen::HIS-72 were recorded for each P4.p-P8.p nucleus using NIS Elements Advanced research, version 4.40 (Nikon) software. CTNF (corrected total nuclear fluorescence) was calculated by subtracting background fluorescence. To account for variations, we then divided the MPK-1::mKate2 CTNF intensity by their corresponding mNeonGreen::HIS-72 intensity. P-values were calculated using ANOVA.
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2

Single-Cell Analysis of Immune Cells

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Nanowells were fabricated using SYLGARD 184 silicone elastomer base (PDMS; Dow Corning, Midland, MI, USA) and a curing agent as described previously [17 (link)]. A suspension of 2 × 105 cells in 100 μl of complete culture media was stained with CellTrace Calcein Violet, AM, for live cells and anti-CD19-Alexa Fluor (AF) 488 for 30 minutes on ice (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Stained cells were washed in PBS and resuspended in 300 μl of culture media. The suspension of cells was loaded into an array of 50-μm nanowells. The cells were allowed to settle via gravity for 5 minutes. Excessive cells were rinsed off with media, and a LifterSlip coverslip (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) was placed on top to prevent evaporation from the nanowells. The arrays were imaged using an automated epifluorescence microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA) equipped with a motorized stage, phase contrast, and 405-nm and 488-nm wavelength filter sets using Nikon NIS Elements Advanced Research image capture software.
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3

Confocal Microscopy Sample Preparation

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Samples were pelleted and properly resuspended in 1X Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), placed on glass slide under coverslip, and scanned under microscope. A series of images were digitized with a confocal laser scanning microscope (A1r from Nikon) using different filters. The images were analyzed using Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research.
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Beating

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Microscope images were processed and analyzed using the Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Research (Nikon Europe B.V.) or ImageJ software. Beating patterns of CarMTs were analyzed using the Musclemotion macro (43 (link)) in ImageJ (National Institution of Health, Stapleton, NY, USA). We used the Bio-Plex Manager software (BioRad) and Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA, USA) to analyze data obtained from the multiplex assay and the Troponin I ELISA. This data was statistically analyzed with one-way or two-way ANOVA depending on the data set and visualized using GraphPad Prism 7 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Data obtained from sMICA ELISA assay was processed and statistically analyzed with GraphPad Prism 7. All statistical results were represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with a significance of P < 0.05, unless indicated differently.
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5

Live Cell Imaging of HEK293 Cells

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HEK293 cells expressing eGFP or SIRT4-eGFP (3 × 105) were seeded on µ-Dish 35 mm plates (ibidi GmbH, Martinsried, Planegg). For live cell imaging, cells were cultured in CO2-independent HEPES containing media (Life Technologies/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Schwerte, Germany) at 37 °C in an isolated incubation chamber essentially as described [44 (link)]. Cells were initially imaged at brightfield and 488 nm and thereafter only at brightfield every 12 min using a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-E microscope under control of the NIS Elements Advanced Research software (Nikon; version 4.20).
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6

Retinal Vascular Imaging and Analysis

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Retinal whole-mounts were imaged using the inverted fluorescent microscope Nikon Eclipse Ti (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with a digital camera CoolSNAP HQ2 (Photometrics, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A.) linked to a computer running the image analysis software ‘NIS-Elements Advanced Research’ (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Sequentially overlapping high-resolution images of the entire retinas were captured using the 4× objective. Images were merged to construct a montage of the retina. Montages were semi-quantified for vascular morphological abnormalities as previously published [4 (link)]. Grading of retinas were based on vascular changes such as regions of capillary dropout, vascular leakage, vessel tortuosity, monocytes/macrophages, microaneurysms, IRMA, exceptionally dense vascular budding and neovascular tufts. Representative areas of the retinal vascular lesions were captured in the z-plane in 2-μm steps. The z-stacks were compiled into a focused image representing all superficial, intermediate and deep capillary layers.
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7

Time-lapse Imaging of Cell Dynamics

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Phase contrast time-lapse imaging was conducted using a Ti-E Nikon microscope. The objective lens was 10x, NA = 0.3. Time-lapse imaging was performed using NIS-Elements Advanced Research (Nikon) software. A single frame was captured every 5 min during the first 10 h, followed by a frame rate of one frame per 15 min during the rest of the experiment.
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8

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching of Toxoplasma Parasites

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For FRAP experiments performed on tachyzoites, the pTub-GFP-HXGPRT56 (link), pTub-SOD2-Nterm-GFP-Myc (Nt-SOD2-GFP)40 (link) and GFP-HA-SET8 plasmids were transiently transfected into the parasites and the experiments were performed 24 h later for the RH strains or 48 h later for the ME49 strains. For the experiments performed on bradyzoites, ME49 strains stably expressing GFP were used and bradyzoite stage conversion was induced for 1–15 days. The experiments were performed on a Nikon A1r microscope (Ti Eclipse) controlled in temperature and CO2. Acquisitions and processing were done with the softwares NIS-elements advanced research (Nikon) and ImageJ. The sequence used for the experiments was composed of an acquisition step of three images followed by two bleaches performed with 100% of laser (wavelength 488) and another acquisition step of 3–15 min with images collected every 5 or 10 s. All experiments were done at least in triplicates and 5–10 vacuoles were bleached each time.
All experiments were performed at the Bioimaging core facility of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva.
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9

Murine Macrophage Isolation and Imaging

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Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from C57BL/6 mice femurs, flushed and cultured in DMEM with L929 fibroblast conditioned medium at 37°C and 5% CO2 as described previously [24 (link)]. Macrophages used for experiments were 98% pure as assayed by flow cytometry using macrophage markers CD68APC and CD11bPE. Confluent macrophages were collected and stained with Vybrant® CFDA SE Cell Tracer Kit (Invitrogen, CA) as per manufacturer protocols and spiked onto BSO treated MAECs and VCECs. 15 minutes later, cells were triple washed with PBS (VWR, PA) and replaced with 10% FBS DMEM for imaging. Images were collected using a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E microscope (Nikon Instruments Inc., Melville, NY) and adherent macrophages were counted using the cell counting software feature on NIS Elements Advanced Research (Nikon Instruments Inc., Melville, NY).
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10

Confocal Microscopy Imaging and Analysis

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Confocal image acquisition and analysis were obtained using Nikon Instruments Software (NIS)-Elements Advanced Research (Version 4.50; Nikon Instruments). Statistical analysis and data graphical representation was performed with GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc., Version 5.01 for Windows, San Diego, CA, USA, www.graphpad.com) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, 2010, https://office.microsoft.com/excel). Data were analyzed with an unpaired t-test or one-way ANOVA; a P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All experiments were independently repeated at least three times and data are presented as mean (SEM) or as median with range.
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