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9 protocols using black clear bottom plate

1

Fura-2-Based Ca2+ Measurement in HEK293 Cells

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For Ca2+ measurement experiments, HEK293 cells were seeded overnight into 96 wells of a black clear bottom plate (Corning Ref: 3603) at 50 × 105 cells/well in 100 µL culture medium. The resting medium was aspirated and cells were loaded with Fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (Fura-2 QBT™) fluorochrome. 80 µL per well and incubated 1 h at 37 °C, 5% CO2. The Fura-2 QBT™ was aspirated and replaced by an equal volume of free Ca2+ Hepes-buffered solution (in mM: 135 NaCl, 5 KCl, 1 MgCl2, 1 EGTA, 10 Hepes, 10 glucose, pH adjusted at 7.45 with NaOH containing the tested compounds or DMSO control and incubated for 5 min at 37 °C until evaluating calcium level on FlexStation 3™ Instrument.
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2

Fluorometric Assay for PEPD and XPNPEP1

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For the PEPD assay, a solution of substrate (Ala-Pro) was prepared in DMSO. 24 μL of 50 nM recombinant human PEPD was added to a 384-well, black, clear-bottom plate (Corning) with 1 μL of dipeptide Ala-Pro (final concentration 40 μM). Alanine liberated was measured as the increasing fluorescence signal (Resorufin, Ex/Em: 535/587 nm) recorded at 25 °C using an l-alanine assay kit (Abcam, ab83394) at 25 °C according to manufacturer’s instructions. For the AMC reporter assays, experiments were performed with cell lysates. 5 μL of solution of the substrate (2.5 mM Ala-AMC) was added to the mixture of 10 μL of HEK293T cell lysates (2.5 mg/mL) and 10 μL of the indicated compounds in a 384-well, black, clear-bottom plate (Corning) to initiate the reaction. Substrate cleavage was measured as the increasing fluorescence signal (Ex/Em: 380/460 nm) recorded at 25 °C for 20 min. XPNPEP1 enzymes (XPNPEP1 3.5 nM) were plated on a black 384-well clear bottom plate and treated with the indicated doses of compounds. The H-Lys(abz)-Pro-Pro-pNA substrate was added to a final concentration of 100 μM, and fluorescence was monitored (Ex/Em: 320/410) for 60 min.
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3

Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay

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JC-1 was dissolved in DMSO as a stocking solution (200 μM). For immunofluorescence assay, MKN45 and NCI-N87 cells were seeded in 96-well black/clear bottom plates (Corning, NY, USA). Add JC-1 (200 μM) to each well to make the final concentration at 2 μM. The cells were incubated with JC-1 for 15 min and washed twice with PBS. Then the cells were observed and images were acquired using Opera Phenix High-Content Screening System (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The ratio of red/green fluorescence was analyzed via Harmony® high-content analysis software (PerkinElmer).
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4

Quantifying Asexual Parasite Growth

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Asexual parasite blood stage growth (measuring the ability of parasites to invade, replicate, exit and reinvade erythrocytes) was undertaken using the SYBR Green asexual growth assay, undertaken largely as published55 (link). In brief 96-well black clear bottom plates (Corning) were pre-printed with test compound and normalized with DMSO (Merck) to 0.5% of a total assay volume of 100 μl. Highly synchronized ring stage parasites and blood was added to each well so that the final parasitaemia was 2% and the hematocrit was 1%. The compound was incubated with parasites for 72 h before being frozen at −20 °C (to aid with cell lysis). The plate was thawed on ice and a lysis buffer (20 mM Tris pH7.5 (Merck), 5 mM EDTA (Merck), 0.008% w/vol saponin (Merck), 0.08% vol/vol triton-x100 (Merck) and SYBR-Green I (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at a final concentration of 0.02% vol/vol). The 96-well plate was incubated for 1 h at RTP before each well was assayed for fluorescence using GFP filters (Excitation 485 nm/Emission 535 nm) on a microplate reader (TECAN).
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5

Blocking Antibody Assay for LEC

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LN LECs were seeded sparsely in black, clear-bottom plates (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA) and left to attach for 4 h. Full medium was replaced with starvation medium (0.5% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% L-glutamine in αMEM) and the cells were incubated at 37 °C overnight. Then, the medium was replaced by either fresh starvation or full medium and LECs were treated with 10 µg/mL blocking antibody against CD200, tenascin or BST2 or with corresponding isotype controls (Supplementary Table S1) for 48 h. Then, the medium was removed, 0.1 mg/mL methylumbelliferone (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the cells for 1 h at 37 °C, and the fluorescence was measured using a plate reader (SpectraMAX GEMINI EM, Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA) with excitation 355 nm and emission 469 nm.
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6

Evaluating CFTR Function and Trafficking

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The creation of HEK cells expressing wild-type CFTR was described previously42 (link). The CFTR functional assay was performed as previously described59 (link). Briefly, cells were read in black, clear bottom plates (Corning) in a fluorescence plate reader (SpectraMax i3; Molecular Devices) at 37 °C. After recording a baseline fluorescence (excitation: 530 nm, emission: 560 nm), CFTR was stimulated using the cAMP agonist forskolin (10 μM; Sigma) with DMSO vehicle used as a negative control. CFTR-mediated depolarization of the plasma membrane was detected as an increase in fluorescence. The assay was terminated by the addition of the CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172 (10 μM; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics). Changes in transmembrane potential were normalized to the measurement taken at the time of agonist (i.e., DMSO, or forskolin) addition. CFTR trafficking (ER vs plasma membrane) was determined by quantifying the ratio of the mature cytosolic membrane protein (“band C”) to the immature ER-localized form of the protein (“band B”), using the Western blotting methods described above60 (link).
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7

Membrane Potential Assay for E. coli

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Subcultures of E. coli BW25113 were grown to late exponential phase (OD600 of ∼1) in MHB with 10 mM EDTA [to facilitate DiSC3(5) cell entry]. Cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed twice in buffer (5 mM HEPES [pH 7.2], 20 mM glucose, 5% DMSO), and then resuspended in buffer to a final OD600 of 0.085 with 1 μM DiSC3(5). For valinomycin, 100 mM KCl was added to the cell suspension containing DiSC3(5). After a 20-min incubation at 37°C, 190 μl of DiSC3(5)-loaded cells was added to 2-fold dilutions of niclosamide, valinomycin, or nigericin in 96-well black clear-bottom plates (Corning, NY). Fluorescence (excitation [Ex], 620-nm wavelength; emission [Em], 685-nm wavelength) was immediately read using a Synergy H1 Hybrid plate reader. Niclosamide did not quench DiSC3 in cell-free control assays.
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8

Coomassie Bradford Protein Assay

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Protein was quantified using Pierce™ Coomassie Plus (Bradford) Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Assays were performed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) standards in a 96-well plate (clear bottom black plate; Corning) using a Synergy H1 Multi-Mode plate reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc.).
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9

Antimicrobial Blue Light Irradiation

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Techno Light KTL-100 (Light emitting diode; LED), with a mounted light guide tip diameter of 4.3 mm and a blue transmission filter (225S-SPF500), were purchased from the Kenko Tokina Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). The LED output power was set to 400 mW/cm2 and wavelength to 460 nm using an optical power meter (8230E, ADC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) before each experiment. P. gingivalis suspensions in each well were irradiated with the light source tip from the surface edge of the plate top at a depth of 10.9 mm for 96-well plates (Clear bottom black plate, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA) or 14.6 mm for 24-well plates (Clear bottom black plate, Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany).
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