Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol

Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and VCM were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and RFB from Pharmacy Biotech AB (Uppsala, Sweden). The pure phospholipids, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DMPG), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG), and distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine covalently linked to poly(ethylene glycol)2000 (DSPE-PEG) were purchased from Lipoid (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Rhodamine covalently linked to phosphatidylethanolamine (Rho-PE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), crystal violet (CV), and glycerol were obtained from Panreac AppliChem, ITW Reagents (Darmstadt, Germany). Culture media Mueller–Hinton Agar (MHA) and Mueller–Hinton Broth (MHB) were obtained from Oxoid, Ltd. (Basingstoke, UK) and Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) from Biokar (Pantin, France). The fluorescent stain SYTO 9 was obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). D(+)-glucose monohydrate was acquired from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol absolute anhydrous were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents S.A.S. (Val de Reuil, France). All other reagents were of analytical grade.

Levofloxacin (LEV) and vancomycin (VCM) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and Rifabutin (RFB) from Pharmacy Biotech AB (Uppsala, Sweden). The pure phospholipids, dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DMPG), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG) and dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) were purchased from Lipoid (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Stearylamine (SA) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) and rhodamine covalently linked to phosphatidylethanolamine (Rho-PE) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Nuclepore Track-Etch Membranes were purchased from Whatman Ltd. (Maidstone, UK). Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and Crystal Violet (CV) were obtained from Panreac Applichem, ITW Reagents (Darmstadt, Germany). Culture media, Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and Mueller-Hinton Broth (MHB) were obtained from Oxoid, Ltd. (Basingstoke, UK), Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) from Biokar (Pantin, France) and Columbia Agar + 5% sheep blood (CA) from bioMérieux (Marcy l’Étoile, France). The SYTO 9 was obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). All the remaining chemicals used were of analytical grade.