Ags h universal materials testing machine

Example 14

A commercial bone cement formulation (Table 3) was used to which different amounts of ricinoleic acid were added to the liquid component until a homogeneous solution was achieved. Extra DMPT was also added to compensate upon removing part of the liquid component. The powder and liquid components were combined at room temperature in a 50 mL centrifuge tube and mixed for 30 seconds with a cap mixer. The specimens were molded in Teflon® molds with a size of 6 mm diameter and 12 mm height according to ASTM F451-08 standard. The specimens were stored at room temperature and tested after 24 hours using an AGS-H universal materials testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at a crosshead displacement rate of 20 mm/min. The Young's modulus and the strength were obtained from the load-versus-displacement curves. The results are shown in FIG. 23, indicating that the mechanical properties can be tailored also using ricinoleic acid.

Commercial formulation Simplex P was also modified with ricinoleic acid, showing the potential for tailoring the mechanical properties of also this cement, see FIG. 24.

Example 9

A commercial bone cement formulation (Table 3) was used to which 1.5 wt % (of total weight) linoleic acid were added to the liquid component until a homogeneous solution was achieved, corresponding to 6 v/v of the liquid component. The powder and liquid components were combined at room temperature in a 50 mL centrifuge tube and mixed for 30 seconds with a cap mixer. The specimens were molded in Teflon® molds with a size of 6 mm diameter and 12 mm height according to ASTM F451-08 standard. The specimens were stored at room temperature or at 37° C., in air or in PBS, and tested after 24 hours using an AGS-H universal materials testing machine (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at a crosshead displacement rate of 20 mm/min. The Young's modulus and the strength were obtained from the load-versus-displacement curves. The results are shown in FIG. 16, indicating that storage at 37° C. gives a similar elastic modulus but a higher strength of both unmodified and modified cements. This is one example of the variability in mechanical properties due to testing conditions.